NAC_Blockchain/nvm_v2/nvm-l1/src/executor.rs

// NVM-L1 合约执行器

use crate::contract::Contract;
use crate::gas::{GasError, GasMeter};
use crate::state::StateManager;
use crate::types::{Address, Hash};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

/// 执行上下文
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ExecutionContext {
    /// 调用者地址
    pub caller: Address,
    /// 合约地址
    pub contract_address: Address,
    /// 交易发起者
    pub origin: Address,
    /// Gas价格
    pub gas_price: u64,
    /// 区块号
    pub block_number: u64,
    /// 区块时间戳
    pub block_timestamp: u64,
    /// 调用数据
    pub call_data: Vec<u8>,
    /// 调用值
    pub call_value: u128,
}

impl ExecutionContext {
    /// 创建新的执行上下文
    pub fn new(
        caller: Address,
        contract_address: Address,
        origin: Address,
        call_data: Vec<u8>,
        call_value: u128,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            caller,
            contract_address,
            origin,
            gas_price: 1,
            block_number: 0,
            block_timestamp: 0,
            call_data,
            call_value,
        }
    }
}

/// 执行结果
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ExecutionResult {
    /// 是否成功
    pub success: bool,
    /// 返回数据
    pub return_data: Vec<u8>,
    /// 使用的Gas
    pub gas_used: u64,
    /// 错误信息
    pub error: Option<String>,
    /// 状态变更
    pub state_changes: Vec<StateChange>,
}

/// 状态变更
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum StateChange {
    /// 余额变更
    BalanceChange {
        address: Address,
        old_balance: u128,
        new_balance: u128,
    },
    /// 存储变更
    StorageChange {
        address: Address,
        key: Hash,
        old_value: Option<Vec<u8>>,
        new_value: Vec<u8>,
    },
    /// 合约创建
    ContractCreation {
        address: Address,
        code_hash: Hash,
    },
    /// 合约销毁
    ContractDestruction {
        address: Address,
    },
}

/// 执行错误
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ExecutionError {
    /// Gas相关错误
    Gas(GasError),
    /// 合约不存在
    ContractNotFound,
    /// 合约已暂停
    ContractPaused,
    /// 合约已销毁
    ContractDestroyed,
    /// 余额不足
    InsufficientBalance,
    /// 调用深度超限
    CallDepthExceeded,
    /// 无效操作码
    InvalidOpcode(u8),
    /// 栈溢出
    StackOverflow,
    /// 栈下溢
    StackUnderflow,
    /// 内存访问越界
    MemoryAccessOutOfBounds,
    /// 除零错误
    DivisionByZero,
    /// 其他错误
    Other(String),
}

impl From<GasError> for ExecutionError {
    fn from(error: GasError) -> Self {
        ExecutionError::Gas(error)
    }
}

/// 简化的操作码
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum Opcode {
    /// 停止执行
    STOP = 0x00,
    /// 加法
    ADD = 0x01,
    /// 乘法
    MUL = 0x02,
    /// 减法
    SUB = 0x03,
    /// 除法
    DIV = 0x04,
    /// 模运算
    MOD = 0x05,
    /// 压栈
    PUSH1 = 0x60,
    /// 弹栈
    POP = 0x50,
    /// 存储写入
    SSTORE = 0x55,
    /// 存储读取
    SLOAD = 0x54,
    /// 返回
    RETURN = 0xf3,
}

impl Opcode {
    /// 从字节转换为操作码
    pub fn from_byte(byte: u8) -> Option<Self> {
        match byte {
            0x00 => Some(Opcode::STOP),
            0x01 => Some(Opcode::ADD),
            0x02 => Some(Opcode::MUL),
            0x03 => Some(Opcode::SUB),
            0x04 => Some(Opcode::DIV),
            0x05 => Some(Opcode::MOD),
            0x50 => Some(Opcode::POP),
            0x54 => Some(Opcode::SLOAD),
            0x55 => Some(Opcode::SSTORE),
            0x60 => Some(Opcode::PUSH1),
            0xf3 => Some(Opcode::RETURN),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
}

/// 合约执行器
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ContractExecutor {
    /// 状态管理器
    state_manager: StateManager,
    /// 调用栈深度限制
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    max_call_depth: usize,
    /// 栈大小限制
    max_stack_size: usize,
}

impl ContractExecutor {
    /// 创建新的合约执行器
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            state_manager: StateManager::new(),
            max_call_depth: 1024,
            max_stack_size: 1024,
        }
    }

    /// 获取状态管理器
    pub fn state_manager(&self) -> &StateManager {
        &self.state_manager
    }

    /// 获取可变状态管理器
    pub fn state_manager_mut(&mut self) -> &mut StateManager {
        &mut self.state_manager
    }

    /// 执行合约调用
    pub fn call(
        &mut self,
        context: ExecutionContext,
        gas_limit: u64,
    ) -> ExecutionResult {
        let mut gas_meter = GasMeter::new(gas_limit);
        let state_changes = Vec::new();

        // 创建状态快照
        self.state_manager.snapshot();

        // 消耗基础调用Gas
        if let Err(e) = gas_meter.consume_contract_call_gas() {
            return ExecutionResult {
                success: false,
                return_data: Vec::new(),
                gas_used: gas_meter.gas_used(),
                error: Some(format!("Gas error: {:?}", e)),
                state_changes,
            };
        }

        // 获取合约
        let contract = match self.state_manager.current_state().get_contract(&context.contract_address) {
            Some(contract) => contract.clone(),
            None => {
                return ExecutionResult {
                    success: false,
                    return_data: Vec::new(),
                    gas_used: gas_meter.gas_used(),
                    error: Some("Contract not found".to_string()),
                    state_changes,
                };
            }
        };

        // 检查合约状态
        if !contract.is_active() {
            return ExecutionResult {
                success: false,
                return_data: Vec::new(),
                gas_used: gas_meter.gas_used(),
                error: Some("Contract is not active".to_string()),
                state_changes,
            };
        }

        // 执行字节码
        match self.execute_bytecode(&contract, &context, &mut gas_meter) {
            Ok(return_data) => {
                self.state_manager.commit();
                ExecutionResult {
                    success: true,
                    return_data,
                    gas_used: gas_meter.gas_used(),
                    error: None,
                    state_changes,
                }
            }
            Err(e) => {
                self.state_manager.revert().ok();
                ExecutionResult {
                    success: false,
                    return_data: Vec::new(),
                    gas_used: gas_meter.gas_used(),
                    error: Some(format!("{:?}", e)),
                    state_changes,
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// 部署合约
    pub fn deploy(
        &mut self,
        contract: Contract,
        gas_limit: u64,
    ) -> ExecutionResult {
        let mut gas_meter = GasMeter::new(gas_limit);
        let mut state_changes = Vec::new();

        // 消耗合约创建Gas
        if let Err(e) = gas_meter.consume_contract_creation_gas() {
            return ExecutionResult {
                success: false,
                return_data: Vec::new(),
                gas_used: gas_meter.gas_used(),
                error: Some(format!("Gas error: {:?}", e)),
                state_changes,
            };
        }

        // 部署合约
        match self.state_manager.current_state_mut().deploy_contract(contract.clone()) {
            Ok(()) => {
                state_changes.push(StateChange::ContractCreation {
                    address: contract.address,
                    code_hash: *contract.code.code_hash(),
                });

                ExecutionResult {
                    success: true,
                    return_data: Vec::new(),
                    gas_used: gas_meter.gas_used(),
                    error: None,
                    state_changes,
                }
            }
            Err(e) => ExecutionResult {
                success: false,
                return_data: Vec::new(),
                gas_used: gas_meter.gas_used(),
                error: Some(e),
                state_changes,
            },
        }
    }

    /// 执行字节码（简化版本）
    fn execute_bytecode(
        &mut self,
        contract: &Contract,
        context: &ExecutionContext,
        gas_meter: &mut GasMeter,
    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, ExecutionError> {
        let bytecode = contract.code.bytecode();
        let mut pc = 0; // 程序计数器
        let mut stack: Vec<u64> = Vec::new();
        let mut memory = Vec::new();

        while pc < bytecode.len() {
            let opcode_byte = bytecode[pc];
            let opcode = Opcode::from_byte(opcode_byte)
                .ok_or(ExecutionError::InvalidOpcode(opcode_byte))?;

            // 消耗计算Gas
            gas_meter.consume_compute_gas(1)?;

            match opcode {
                Opcode::STOP => break,
                
                Opcode::ADD => {
                    if stack.len() < 2 {
                        return Err(ExecutionError::StackUnderflow);
                    }
                    let b = stack.pop().unwrap();
                    let a = stack.pop().unwrap();
                    stack.push(a.wrapping_add(b));
                }

                Opcode::SUB => {
                    if stack.len() < 2 {
                        return Err(ExecutionError::StackUnderflow);
                    }
                    let b = stack.pop().unwrap();
                    let a = stack.pop().unwrap();
                    stack.push(a.wrapping_sub(b));
                }

                Opcode::MUL => {
                    if stack.len() < 2 {
                        return Err(ExecutionError::StackUnderflow);
                    }
                    let b = stack.pop().unwrap();
                    let a = stack.pop().unwrap();
                    stack.push(a.wrapping_mul(b));
                }

                Opcode::DIV => {
                    if stack.len() < 2 {
                        return Err(ExecutionError::StackUnderflow);
                    }
                    let b = stack.pop().unwrap();
                    let a = stack.pop().unwrap();
                    if b == 0 {
                        return Err(ExecutionError::DivisionByZero);
                    }
                    stack.push(a / b);
                }

                Opcode::PUSH1 => {
                    if pc + 1 >= bytecode.len() {
                        return Err(ExecutionError::Other("Invalid PUSH1".to_string()));
                    }
                    pc += 1;
                    let value = bytecode[pc] as u64;
                    stack.push(value);
                }

                Opcode::POP => {
                    if stack.is_empty() {
                        return Err(ExecutionError::StackUnderflow);
                    }
                    stack.pop();
                }

                Opcode::SLOAD => {
                    if stack.is_empty() {
                        return Err(ExecutionError::StackUnderflow);
                    }
                    let key_bytes = stack.pop().unwrap().to_le_bytes();
                    let mut key_array = [0u8; 48];
                    key_array[..8].copy_from_slice(&key_bytes);
                    let key = Hash::new(key_array);
                    
                    gas_meter.consume_storage_read_gas(32)?;
                    
                    let value = self.state_manager
                        .current_state()
                        .get_storage(&context.contract_address, &key)
                        .unwrap_or_default();
                    
                    let value_u64 = if value.len() >= 8 {
                        u64::from_le_bytes([
                            value[0], value[1], value[2], value[3],
                            value[4], value[5], value[6], value[7],
                        ])
                    } else {
                        0
                    };
                    stack.push(value_u64);
                }

                Opcode::SSTORE => {
                    if stack.len() < 2 {
                        return Err(ExecutionError::StackUnderflow);
                    }
                    let value = stack.pop().unwrap();
                    let key_bytes = stack.pop().unwrap().to_le_bytes();
                    let mut key_array = [0u8; 48];
                    key_array[..8].copy_from_slice(&key_bytes);
                    let key = Hash::new(key_array);
                    
                    gas_meter.consume_storage_write_gas(32)?;
                    
                    let value_bytes = value.to_le_bytes().to_vec();
                    self.state_manager
                        .current_state_mut()
                        .set_storage(&context.contract_address, key, value_bytes);
                }

                Opcode::RETURN => {
                    if stack.len() < 2 {
                        return Err(ExecutionError::StackUnderflow);
                    }
                    let size = stack.pop().unwrap() as usize;
                    let offset = stack.pop().unwrap() as usize;
                    
                    if offset + size > memory.len() {
                        memory.resize(offset + size, 0);
                        gas_meter.consume_memory_expansion_gas(offset + size - memory.len())?;
                    }
                    
                    return Ok(memory[offset..offset + size].to_vec());
                }

                _ => {
                    return Err(ExecutionError::InvalidOpcode(opcode_byte));
                }
            }

            if stack.len() > self.max_stack_size {
                return Err(ExecutionError::StackOverflow);
            }

            pc += 1;
        }

        Ok(Vec::new())
    }
}

impl Default for ContractExecutor {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::contract::{ContractCode, ContractMetadata};

    fn create_test_executor() -> ContractExecutor {
        ContractExecutor::new()
    }

    fn create_test_contract() -> Contract {
        let address = Address::new([1u8; 20]);
        let owner = Address::new([2u8; 20]);
        // 简单的字节码: PUSH1 42, PUSH1 0, SSTORE, STOP
        let bytecode = vec![0x60, 42, 0x60, 0, 0x55, 0x00];
        let code = ContractCode::new(bytecode);
        let metadata = ContractMetadata::default();
        Contract::new(address, code, owner, metadata)
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_contract_deployment() {
        let mut executor = create_test_executor();
        let contract = create_test_contract();
        
        let result = executor.deploy(contract, 100000);
        assert!(result.success);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_contract_call() {
        let mut executor = create_test_executor();
        let contract = create_test_contract();
        let address = contract.address;
        
        // 先部署合约
        executor.deploy(contract, 100000);
        
        // 调用合约
        let context = ExecutionContext::new(
            Address::new([3u8; 20]),
            address,
            Address::new([3u8; 20]),
            Vec::new(),
            0,
        );
        
        let result = executor.call(context, 100000);
        assert!(result.success);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_opcode_execution() {
        let opcode = Opcode::from_byte(0x01);
        assert_eq!(opcode, Some(Opcode::ADD));
        
        let invalid_opcode = Opcode::from_byte(0xff);
        assert_eq!(invalid_opcode, None);
    }
}