772 lines
32 KiB
Rust
772 lines
32 KiB
Rust
// NAC RWA 伊斯兰合规合约层（Sharia Compliance Layer）
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// 版本：1.0.0
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//
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// 覆盖辖区：
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// AE（阿联酋）、SA（沙特阿拉伯）、MY（马来西亚）
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//
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// 核心原则：
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// 1. 禁止利息（Riba）—— 任何形式的固定利息均被禁止
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// 2. 禁止不确定性（Gharar）—— 合同条款须明确，不能有过度不确定性
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// 3. 禁止赌博（Maysir）—— 禁止投机性交易
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// 4. 禁止非法商品（Haram）—— 禁止猪肉、酒精、武器等非法商品
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// 5. 风险共担（Musharakah）—— 利润和损失须共同承担
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// 6. 资产支持（Asset-Backed）—— 金融交易须有真实资产支撑
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use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
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/// 伊斯兰金融结构类型
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
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pub enum IslamicFinanceStructure {
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/// Murabaha（成本加成融资）—— 银行购买资产后以成本加利润出售给客户
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Murabaha,
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/// Ijara（伊斯兰租赁）—— 类似融资租赁，但无利息
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Ijara,
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/// Ijara wa Iqtina（租赁并购买）—— 租赁期满后转让所有权
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IjaraWaIqtina,
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/// Musharakah（合伙）—— 双方共同出资，按比例分享利润和损失
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Musharakah,
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/// Mudarabah（信托融资）—— 一方出资，另一方经营，按约定比例分配利润
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Mudarabah,
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/// Sukuk（伊斯兰债券）—— 基于资产的证券，代表对资产的所有权份额
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Sukuk,
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/// Istisna（制造合同）—— 预先约定制造某物品的合同
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Istisna,
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/// Salam（预付货款）—— 预先付款，未来交付商品
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Salam,
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/// Wakalah（代理）—— 委托代理关系
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Wakalah,
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/// Takaful（伊斯兰保险）—— 互助保险，基于共同担保原则
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Takaful,
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}
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/// Sharia 审查委员会要求
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
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pub struct ShariaBoardRequirement {
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/// 是否需要 Sharia 审查委员会批准
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pub required: bool,
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/// 最低委员人数
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pub minimum_scholars: u8,
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/// 是否需要 Fatwa（宗教裁定）
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pub fatwa_required: bool,
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/// 推荐的 Sharia 审查机构
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pub recommended_boards: Vec<String>,
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/// 持续合规监督要求
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pub ongoing_monitoring: bool,
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}
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/// 禁止条款（Haram 清单）
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
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pub struct HaramProhibitions {
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/// 禁止商品类别
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pub prohibited_goods: Vec<String>,
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/// 禁止行业
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pub prohibited_industries: Vec<String>,
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/// 禁止金融结构
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pub prohibited_structures: Vec<String>,
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/// 禁止合同条款
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pub prohibited_clauses: Vec<String>,
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}
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/// Sharia 合规资产要求
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
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pub struct ShariaAssetRequirements {
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/// 资产须为真实有形资产
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pub must_be_tangible: bool,
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/// 资产须合法（Halal）
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pub must_be_halal: bool,
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/// 资产须可识别和确定
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pub must_be_identifiable: bool,
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/// 资产须已存在（Salam 除外）
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pub must_exist_at_contract: bool,
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/// 资产须可交付
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pub must_be_deliverable: bool,
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/// 特殊说明
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pub special_notes: Vec<String>,
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}
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/// 利润分配规则（替代利息）
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
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pub struct ProfitSharingRule {
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/// 金融结构类型
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pub structure: IslamicFinanceStructure,
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/// 利润分配比例描述
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pub profit_sharing_ratio: String,
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/// 损失承担规则
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pub loss_bearing_rule: String,
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/// 基准利率替代（如 LIBOR 替代）
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pub benchmark_alternative: Option<String>,
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/// 说明
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pub notes: String,
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}
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/// Sukuk（伊斯兰债券）结构
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
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pub struct SukukStructure {
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/// Sukuk 类型
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pub sukuk_type: IslamicFinanceStructure,
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/// 基础资产描述
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pub underlying_asset: String,
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/// SPV（特殊目的载体）要求
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pub spv_required: bool,
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/// 资产转让要求
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pub asset_transfer_required: bool,
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/// 收益率计算方式（替代利息）
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pub return_calculation: String,
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/// 赎回机制
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pub redemption_mechanism: String,
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/// Sharia 审查要求
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pub sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement,
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}
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/// 辖区 Sharia 合规框架
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
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pub struct ShariaComplianceFramework {
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/// 辖区代码
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pub jurisdiction: String,
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/// 辖区名称
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pub jurisdiction_name: String,
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/// 伊斯兰金融监管机构
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pub regulatory_body: String,
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/// 适用的伊斯兰金融法律
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pub applicable_laws: Vec<String>,
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/// Sharia 审查委员会要求
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pub sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement,
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/// 禁止条款
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pub prohibitions: HaramProhibitions,
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/// 资产要求
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pub asset_requirements: ShariaAssetRequirements,
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/// 支持的金融结构
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pub supported_structures: Vec<IslamicFinanceStructure>,
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/// 利润分配规则
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pub profit_sharing_rules: Vec<ProfitSharingRule>,
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/// Sukuk 发行要求（如支持）
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pub sukuk_requirements: Option<SukukStructure>,
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/// 不动产 Sharia 合规要求
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pub real_estate_sharia_requirements: Vec<String>,
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/// 商品交易 Sharia 合规要求
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pub goods_trade_sharia_requirements: Vec<String>,
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/// 知识产权 Sharia 合规要求
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pub ip_sharia_requirements: Vec<String>,
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/// 与传统金融的互操作性说明
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pub conventional_interoperability: String,
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}
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/// 获取辖区 Sharia 合规框架
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pub fn get_sharia_framework(jurisdiction: &str) -> Option<ShariaComplianceFramework> {
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match jurisdiction.to_uppercase().as_str() {
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"AE" => Some(ae_sharia_framework()),
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"SA" => Some(sa_sharia_framework()),
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"MY" => Some(my_sharia_framework()),
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_ => None,
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}
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}
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/// 验证合同是否符合 Sharia 原则
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pub fn validate_sharia_compliance(
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jurisdiction: &str,
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structure: &IslamicFinanceStructure,
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has_interest: bool,
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has_excessive_uncertainty: bool,
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involves_haram_goods: bool,
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) -> ShariaValidationResult {
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let framework = match get_sharia_framework(jurisdiction) {
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Some(f) => f,
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None => return ShariaValidationResult {
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is_compliant: false,
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violations: vec![format!("辖区 {} 不在 Sharia 合规覆盖范围内", jurisdiction)],
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recommendations: vec![],
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requires_fatwa: false,
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},
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};
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let mut violations = Vec::new();
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let mut recommendations = Vec::new();
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if has_interest {
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violations.push("违反禁止利息原则（Riba）：合同包含固定利息条款".to_string());
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recommendations.push(format!("建议将利息结构替换为 {:?} 结构", IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha));
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}
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if has_excessive_uncertainty {
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violations.push("违反禁止不确定性原则（Gharar）：合同条款存在过度不确定性".to_string());
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recommendations.push("建议明确所有合同条款，消除不确定性".to_string());
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}
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if involves_haram_goods {
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violations.push("违反禁止非法商品原则（Haram）：交易涉及禁止商品".to_string());
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recommendations.push("须确认交易商品符合 Halal 标准".to_string());
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}
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if !framework.supported_structures.contains(structure) {
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violations.push(format!("金融结构 {:?} 在 {} 辖区不被支持", structure, jurisdiction));
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recommendations.push(format!("建议使用支持的结构：{:?}", framework.supported_structures));
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}
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let requires_fatwa = framework.sharia_board.fatwa_required && violations.is_empty();
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ShariaValidationResult {
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is_compliant: violations.is_empty(),
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violations,
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recommendations,
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requires_fatwa,
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}
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}
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/// Sharia 合规验证结果
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
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pub struct ShariaValidationResult {
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/// 是否合规
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pub is_compliant: bool,
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/// 违规项目
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pub violations: Vec<String>,
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/// 建议
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pub recommendations: Vec<String>,
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/// 是否需要 Fatwa
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pub requires_fatwa: bool,
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}
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fn ae_sharia_framework() -> ShariaComplianceFramework {
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ShariaComplianceFramework {
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jurisdiction: "AE".to_string(),
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jurisdiction_name: "阿联酋（United Arab Emirates）".to_string(),
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regulatory_body: "阿联酋中央银行（CBUAE）+ 迪拜伊斯兰经济局（DIEDC）+ AAOIFI".to_string(),
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applicable_laws: vec![
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"联邦第6号法律（2004年）：伊斯兰银行法".to_string(),
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"联邦第14号法律（2018年）：伊斯兰金融机构法".to_string(),
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"迪拜国际金融中心（DIFC）：伊斯兰金融规则".to_string(),
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"AAOIFI Sharia Standards（会计和审计组织标准）".to_string(),
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],
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sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement {
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required: true,
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minimum_scholars: 3,
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fatwa_required: true,
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recommended_boards: vec![
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"AAOIFI（伊斯兰金融机构会计和审计组织）".to_string(),
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"迪拜伊斯兰银行 Sharia 委员会".to_string(),
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"阿布扎比伊斯兰银行 Sharia 委员会".to_string(),
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],
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ongoing_monitoring: true,
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},
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prohibitions: HaramProhibitions {
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prohibited_goods: vec![
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"猪肉及猪肉制品".to_string(),
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"酒精及含酒精饮料".to_string(),
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"武器弹药（民用）".to_string(),
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"色情内容".to_string(),
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"赌博设备".to_string(),
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],
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prohibited_industries: vec![
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"传统银行（基于利息）".to_string(),
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"酒类生产和销售".to_string(),
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"赌博业".to_string(),
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"猪肉相关产业".to_string(),
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"烟草业（部分学者认为禁止）".to_string(),
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],
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prohibited_structures: vec![
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"固定利率贷款（Riba al-Nasi'ah）".to_string(),
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"超额利息（Riba al-Fadl）".to_string(),
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"期权和期货（Gharar过度）".to_string(),
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"空头卖出（不拥有资产即出售）".to_string(),
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"信用违约互换（CDS）".to_string(),
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],
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prohibited_clauses: vec![
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"固定利率条款".to_string(),
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"罚息条款（迟延利息）".to_string(),
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"不确定价格条款".to_string(),
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"条件性销售（买方须购买另一商品）".to_string(),
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],
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},
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asset_requirements: ShariaAssetRequirements {
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must_be_tangible: true,
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must_be_halal: true,
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must_be_identifiable: true,
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must_exist_at_contract: true,
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must_be_deliverable: true,
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special_notes: vec![
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"Sukuk 须基于真实资产，不能是纯债务".to_string(),
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"Murabaha 中银行须实际拥有资产后再出售".to_string(),
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"Ijara 中出租物须为合法资产".to_string(),
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],
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},
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supported_structures: vec![
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IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha,
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IslamicFinanceStructure::Ijara,
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IslamicFinanceStructure::IjaraWaIqtina,
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IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
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IslamicFinanceStructure::Mudarabah,
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IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk,
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IslamicFinanceStructure::Istisna,
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IslamicFinanceStructure::Wakalah,
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IslamicFinanceStructure::Takaful,
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],
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profit_sharing_rules: vec![
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ProfitSharingRule {
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structure: IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
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profit_sharing_ratio: "按约定比例分配利润（通常与出资比例相关）".to_string(),
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loss_bearing_rule: "按出资比例承担损失".to_string(),
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benchmark_alternative: Some("EIBOR（阿联酋银行间利率）作为参考基准，但不作为利息".to_string()),
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notes: "利润分配比例须在合同签订时明确约定".to_string(),
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},
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ProfitSharingRule {
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structure: IslamicFinanceStructure::Mudarabah,
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profit_sharing_ratio: "出资方（Rab al-Mal）和经营方（Mudarib）按约定比例分配利润".to_string(),
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loss_bearing_rule: "损失由出资方承担，经营方损失时间和劳动".to_string(),
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benchmark_alternative: None,
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notes: "经营方不保证利润，但须尽职经营".to_string(),
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},
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],
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sukuk_requirements: Some(SukukStructure {
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sukuk_type: IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk,
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underlying_asset: "须为真实有形资产（不动产、基础设施、设备等）".to_string(),
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spv_required: true,
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asset_transfer_required: true,
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return_calculation: "基于资产收益（租金、利润分成），而非固定利率".to_string(),
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redemption_mechanism: "到期按约定价格赎回，或通过资产处置".to_string(),
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sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement {
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required: true,
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minimum_scholars: 3,
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fatwa_required: true,
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recommended_boards: vec![
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"AAOIFI认证的 Sharia 委员会".to_string(),
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"迪拜金融服务局（DFSA）认可的 Sharia 顾问".to_string(),
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],
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ongoing_monitoring: true,
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},
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}),
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real_estate_sharia_requirements: vec![
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"不动产融资须使用 Ijara wa Iqtina（租赁并购买）或 Musharakah Mutanaqisah（递减合伙）结构".to_string(),
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"禁止传统抵押贷款（含固定利息）".to_string(),
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"DLD（迪拜土地局）须完成产权登记".to_string(),
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"须获得 DLD 的 NOC（无异议证明）".to_string(),
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"伊斯兰银行须实际拥有不动产后再转让给买方".to_string(),
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"不动产须为 Halal 用途（不能用于酒吧、赌场等）".to_string(),
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],
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goods_trade_sharia_requirements: vec![
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"商品须为 Halal（合法）商品".to_string(),
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"商品须在合同签订时已存在（Salam 除外）".to_string(),
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"价格须在合同签订时明确确定".to_string(),
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"禁止出售尚未拥有的商品（除 Salam 和 Istisna）".to_string(),
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"商品融资可使用 Murabaha 结构".to_string(),
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],
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ip_sharia_requirements: vec![
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"知识产权可作为 Sharia 合规资产".to_string(),
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"许可费须为固定金额或明确的利润分成，不能为利息".to_string(),
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"可使用 Wakalah（代理）结构管理知识产权".to_string(),
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"须确保知识产权用途符合 Halal 原则".to_string(),
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],
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conventional_interoperability: "阿联酋同时存在传统金融和伊斯兰金融体系，DIFC 内可使用传统金融结构，但须明确标注非 Sharia 合规".to_string(),
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}
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}
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fn sa_sharia_framework() -> ShariaComplianceFramework {
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ShariaComplianceFramework {
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jurisdiction: "SA".to_string(),
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jurisdiction_name: "沙特阿拉伯（Kingdom of Saudi Arabia）".to_string(),
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regulatory_body: "沙特中央银行（SAMA）+ 资本市场局（CMA）+ 沙特伊斯兰金融委员会".to_string(),
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applicable_laws: vec![
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"皇家法令 M/5（1966年）：银行管制法".to_string(),
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"资本市场法（2003年）".to_string(),
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"Sukuk 监管框架（2021年）".to_string(),
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"AAOIFI Sharia Standards".to_string(),
|
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"IFSB（伊斯兰金融服务委员会）标准".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement {
|
||
required: true,
|
||
minimum_scholars: 3,
|
||
fatwa_required: true,
|
||
recommended_boards: vec![
|
||
"沙特阿拉伯伊斯兰大学 Sharia 委员会".to_string(),
|
||
"AAOIFI 认证学者".to_string(),
|
||
"IFSB 认可的 Sharia 顾问".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
ongoing_monitoring: true,
|
||
},
|
||
prohibitions: HaramProhibitions {
|
||
prohibited_goods: vec![
|
||
"猪肉及猪肉制品".to_string(),
|
||
"酒精（严格禁止）".to_string(),
|
||
"武器弹药（未经许可）".to_string(),
|
||
"色情内容".to_string(),
|
||
"赌博设备".to_string(),
|
||
"偶像崇拜相关物品".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
prohibited_industries: vec![
|
||
"传统银行（基于利息）".to_string(),
|
||
"酒类（严格禁止）".to_string(),
|
||
"赌博业".to_string(),
|
||
"娱乐业（部分）".to_string(),
|
||
"烟草业".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
prohibited_structures: vec![
|
||
"固定利率贷款".to_string(),
|
||
"任何形式的 Riba".to_string(),
|
||
"期权和期货（Gharar）".to_string(),
|
||
"传统保险（须用 Takaful 替代）".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
prohibited_clauses: vec![
|
||
"固定利率条款".to_string(),
|
||
"罚息条款".to_string(),
|
||
"不确定价格条款".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
},
|
||
asset_requirements: ShariaAssetRequirements {
|
||
must_be_tangible: true,
|
||
must_be_halal: true,
|
||
must_be_identifiable: true,
|
||
must_exist_at_contract: true,
|
||
must_be_deliverable: true,
|
||
special_notes: vec![
|
||
"沙特对 Sharia 合规要求极为严格，须获得正式 Fatwa".to_string(),
|
||
"Vision 2030 框架下，部分娱乐业已开放，但须确认具体项目的合规性".to_string(),
|
||
"NEOM 等新城市项目有特殊的 Sharia 合规安排".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
},
|
||
supported_structures: vec![
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Ijara,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::IjaraWaIqtina,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Mudarabah,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Istisna,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Salam,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Wakalah,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Takaful,
|
||
],
|
||
profit_sharing_rules: vec![
|
||
ProfitSharingRule {
|
||
structure: IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
|
||
profit_sharing_ratio: "按约定比例分配利润".to_string(),
|
||
loss_bearing_rule: "按出资比例承担损失".to_string(),
|
||
benchmark_alternative: Some("SAIBOR（沙特银行间利率）作为参考基准".to_string()),
|
||
notes: "沙特对 Musharakah 结构有严格的 Sharia 审查要求".to_string(),
|
||
},
|
||
],
|
||
sukuk_requirements: Some(SukukStructure {
|
||
sukuk_type: IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk,
|
||
underlying_asset: "须为真实有形资产，沙特政府 Sukuk 通常基于基础设施资产".to_string(),
|
||
spv_required: true,
|
||
asset_transfer_required: true,
|
||
return_calculation: "基于资产收益，通常参考 SAIBOR 加点".to_string(),
|
||
redemption_mechanism: "到期按约定价格赎回".to_string(),
|
||
sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement {
|
||
required: true,
|
||
minimum_scholars: 3,
|
||
fatwa_required: true,
|
||
recommended_boards: vec![
|
||
"AAOIFI 认证的 Sharia 委员会".to_string(),
|
||
"沙特 CMA 认可的 Sharia 顾问".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
ongoing_monitoring: true,
|
||
},
|
||
}),
|
||
real_estate_sharia_requirements: vec![
|
||
"不动产融资须使用 Ijara 或 Musharakah Mutanaqisah 结构".to_string(),
|
||
"须在沙特不动产登记局（Notary Public）完成登记".to_string(),
|
||
"外资购买不动产受限（须获得 SAGIA 批准）".to_string(),
|
||
"不动产须为 Halal 用途".to_string(),
|
||
"须获得正式 Fatwa 确认合规性".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
goods_trade_sharia_requirements: vec![
|
||
"商品须为 Halal 商品（须有 Halal 认证）".to_string(),
|
||
"食品须符合沙特食品药品局（SFDA）的 Halal 认证".to_string(),
|
||
"商品融资可使用 Murabaha 或 Salam 结构".to_string(),
|
||
"禁止出售酒精、猪肉等 Haram 商品".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
ip_sharia_requirements: vec![
|
||
"知识产权须用于 Halal 目的".to_string(),
|
||
"许可费须为固定金额，不能含利息成分".to_string(),
|
||
"须获得 Sharia 委员会确认许可结构合规".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
conventional_interoperability: "沙特金融体系几乎完全基于伊斯兰金融，传统金融机构须设立独立的伊斯兰金融窗口".to_string(),
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
fn my_sharia_framework() -> ShariaComplianceFramework {
|
||
ShariaComplianceFramework {
|
||
jurisdiction: "MY".to_string(),
|
||
jurisdiction_name: "马来西亚（Malaysia）".to_string(),
|
||
regulatory_body: "马来西亚国家银行（BNM）+ 证券委员会（SC）+ 国家 Sharia 咨询委员会（SAC）".to_string(),
|
||
applicable_laws: vec![
|
||
"伊斯兰金融服务法（IFSA 2013）".to_string(),
|
||
"伊斯兰资本市场框架".to_string(),
|
||
"BNM Sharia 标准".to_string(),
|
||
"SC 伊斯兰证券指南".to_string(),
|
||
"AAOIFI Sharia Standards（参考）".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement {
|
||
required: true,
|
||
minimum_scholars: 3,
|
||
fatwa_required: false,
|
||
recommended_boards: vec![
|
||
"BNM 国家 Sharia 咨询委员会（SAC）".to_string(),
|
||
"SC Sharia 咨询委员会".to_string(),
|
||
"ISRA（伊斯兰金融研究院）".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
ongoing_monitoring: true,
|
||
},
|
||
prohibitions: HaramProhibitions {
|
||
prohibited_goods: vec![
|
||
"猪肉及猪肉制品".to_string(),
|
||
"酒精".to_string(),
|
||
"武器弹药（未经许可）".to_string(),
|
||
"色情内容".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
prohibited_industries: vec![
|
||
"传统银行（基于利息）".to_string(),
|
||
"酒类".to_string(),
|
||
"赌博业".to_string(),
|
||
"烟草业".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
prohibited_structures: vec![
|
||
"固定利率贷款（Riba）".to_string(),
|
||
"任何形式的 Riba（利息）均被禁止".to_string(),
|
||
"传统保险（须用 Takaful 替代）".to_string(),
|
||
"Gharar 过度的衍生品".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
prohibited_clauses: vec![
|
||
"固定利率条款".to_string(),
|
||
"罚息条款（但可收取 Ta'widh 实际损失补偿）".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
},
|
||
asset_requirements: ShariaAssetRequirements {
|
||
must_be_tangible: true,
|
||
must_be_halal: true,
|
||
must_be_identifiable: true,
|
||
must_exist_at_contract: true,
|
||
must_be_deliverable: true,
|
||
special_notes: vec![
|
||
"马来西亚是全球最成熟的伊斯兰金融市场之一".to_string(),
|
||
"BNM 允许 Ta'widh（实际损失补偿），替代罚息".to_string(),
|
||
"马来西亚同时存在传统金融和伊斯兰金融双轨制".to_string(),
|
||
"AIBIM（伊斯兰银行协会）提供行业指导".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
},
|
||
supported_structures: vec![
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Ijara,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::IjaraWaIqtina,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Mudarabah,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Istisna,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Salam,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Wakalah,
|
||
IslamicFinanceStructure::Takaful,
|
||
],
|
||
profit_sharing_rules: vec![
|
||
ProfitSharingRule {
|
||
structure: IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
|
||
profit_sharing_ratio: "按约定比例分配利润（通常与出资比例相关）".to_string(),
|
||
loss_bearing_rule: "按出资比例承担损失".to_string(),
|
||
benchmark_alternative: Some("KLIBOR（吉隆坡银行间利率）作为参考基准".to_string()),
|
||
notes: "马来西亚 Musharakah 实践较为灵活".to_string(),
|
||
},
|
||
ProfitSharingRule {
|
||
structure: IslamicFinanceStructure::Mudarabah,
|
||
profit_sharing_ratio: "出资方和经营方按约定比例分配利润（通常70:30或80:20）".to_string(),
|
||
loss_bearing_rule: "损失由出资方承担".to_string(),
|
||
benchmark_alternative: None,
|
||
notes: "马来西亚 Mudarabah 存款广泛使用".to_string(),
|
||
},
|
||
],
|
||
sukuk_requirements: Some(SukukStructure {
|
||
sukuk_type: IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk,
|
||
underlying_asset: "须为真实资产，马来西亚 Sukuk 市场全球最大".to_string(),
|
||
spv_required: true,
|
||
asset_transfer_required: true,
|
||
return_calculation: "基于资产收益，通常参考 KLIBOR 加点".to_string(),
|
||
redemption_mechanism: "到期按约定价格赎回".to_string(),
|
||
sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement {
|
||
required: true,
|
||
minimum_scholars: 3,
|
||
fatwa_required: false,
|
||
recommended_boards: vec![
|
||
"SC Sharia 咨询委员会".to_string(),
|
||
"BNM SAC 认可的 Sharia 顾问".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
ongoing_monitoring: true,
|
||
},
|
||
}),
|
||
real_estate_sharia_requirements: vec![
|
||
"不动产融资可使用 Bai' Bithaman Ajil（BBA，延期付款买卖）或 Musharakah Mutanaqisah".to_string(),
|
||
"须在马来西亚土地局（Pejabat Tanah）完成产权登记".to_string(),
|
||
"外资购买不动产须遵守各州规定（通常须获批准）".to_string(),
|
||
"不动产须为 Halal 用途".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
goods_trade_sharia_requirements: vec![
|
||
"商品须为 Halal 商品（须有 JAKIM Halal 认证）".to_string(),
|
||
"商品融资可使用 Murabaha 或 Tawarruq 结构".to_string(),
|
||
"禁止出售 Haram 商品".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
ip_sharia_requirements: vec![
|
||
"知识产权须用于 Halal 目的".to_string(),
|
||
"许可费须为固定金额或明确的利润分成".to_string(),
|
||
"马来西亚 SC 已发布知识产权 Sukuk 指南".to_string(),
|
||
],
|
||
conventional_interoperability: "马来西亚实行双轨制金融体系，传统金融和伊斯兰金融并存，须明确标注合同类型".to_string(),
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[cfg(test)]
|
||
mod tests {
|
||
use super::*;
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_ae_framework_exists() {
|
||
let f = get_sharia_framework("AE");
|
||
assert!(f.is_some());
|
||
let f = f.unwrap();
|
||
assert_eq!(f.jurisdiction, "AE");
|
||
assert!(f.sharia_board.required);
|
||
assert!(f.sharia_board.fatwa_required);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_sa_framework_exists() {
|
||
let f = get_sharia_framework("SA");
|
||
assert!(f.is_some());
|
||
let f = f.unwrap();
|
||
assert_eq!(f.jurisdiction, "SA");
|
||
assert!(f.sharia_board.required);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_my_framework_exists() {
|
||
let f = get_sharia_framework("MY");
|
||
assert!(f.is_some());
|
||
let f = f.unwrap();
|
||
assert_eq!(f.jurisdiction, "MY");
|
||
assert!(f.sharia_board.required);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_unknown_jurisdiction_returns_none() {
|
||
let f = get_sharia_framework("XX");
|
||
assert!(f.is_none());
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_all_frameworks_prohibit_riba() {
|
||
for j in &["AE", "SA", "MY"] {
|
||
let f = get_sharia_framework(j).unwrap();
|
||
assert!(
|
||
f.prohibitions.prohibited_structures.iter().any(|s| s.contains("利息") || s.contains("Riba")),
|
||
"{} 框架未明确禁止利息（Riba）", j
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_all_frameworks_support_murabaha() {
|
||
for j in &["AE", "SA", "MY"] {
|
||
let f = get_sharia_framework(j).unwrap();
|
||
assert!(
|
||
f.supported_structures.contains(&IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha),
|
||
"{} 框架不支持 Murabaha 结构", j
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_all_frameworks_support_sukuk() {
|
||
for j in &["AE", "SA", "MY"] {
|
||
let f = get_sharia_framework(j).unwrap();
|
||
assert!(
|
||
f.supported_structures.contains(&IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk),
|
||
"{} 框架不支持 Sukuk", j
|
||
);
|
||
assert!(f.sukuk_requirements.is_some(), "{} 框架缺少 Sukuk 要求", j);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_validate_compliant_musharakah() {
|
||
let result = validate_sharia_compliance(
|
||
"AE",
|
||
&IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
|
||
false,
|
||
false,
|
||
false,
|
||
);
|
||
assert!(result.is_compliant);
|
||
assert!(result.violations.is_empty());
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_validate_riba_violation() {
|
||
let result = validate_sharia_compliance(
|
||
"AE",
|
||
&IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
|
||
true,
|
||
false,
|
||
false,
|
||
);
|
||
assert!(!result.is_compliant);
|
||
assert!(result.violations.iter().any(|v| v.contains("Riba")));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_validate_haram_goods_violation() {
|
||
let result = validate_sharia_compliance(
|
||
"SA",
|
||
&IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha,
|
||
false,
|
||
false,
|
||
true,
|
||
);
|
||
assert!(!result.is_compliant);
|
||
assert!(result.violations.iter().any(|v| v.contains("Haram")));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_validate_gharar_violation() {
|
||
let result = validate_sharia_compliance(
|
||
"MY",
|
||
&IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha,
|
||
false,
|
||
true,
|
||
false,
|
||
);
|
||
assert!(!result.is_compliant);
|
||
assert!(result.violations.iter().any(|v| v.contains("Gharar")));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_all_frameworks_have_real_estate_requirements() {
|
||
for j in &["AE", "SA", "MY"] {
|
||
let f = get_sharia_framework(j).unwrap();
|
||
assert!(
|
||
!f.real_estate_sharia_requirements.is_empty(),
|
||
"{} 框架缺少不动产 Sharia 要求", j
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_all_frameworks_have_goods_requirements() {
|
||
for j in &["AE", "SA", "MY"] {
|
||
let f = get_sharia_framework(j).unwrap();
|
||
assert!(
|
||
!f.goods_trade_sharia_requirements.is_empty(),
|
||
"{} 框架缺少商品 Sharia 要求", j
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_ae_has_sukuk_spv_requirement() {
|
||
let f = get_sharia_framework("AE").unwrap();
|
||
let sukuk = f.sukuk_requirements.unwrap();
|
||
assert!(sukuk.spv_required);
|
||
assert!(sukuk.asset_transfer_required);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn test_my_dual_system_note() {
|
||
let f = get_sharia_framework("MY").unwrap();
|
||
// 马来西亚是双轨制，须有互操作性说明
|
||
assert!(f.conventional_interoperability.contains("双轨制"));
|
||
}
|
||
}
|