258 lines
12 KiB
Rust
258 lines
12 KiB
Rust
// 中国（CN）辖区适配器
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// 法律体系：大陆法系（社会主义法律体系）
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// 主要法律：《民法典》《不动产登记暂行条例》《外商投资法》《个人信息保护法》
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use crate::{
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AssetCategorySupport, AssetTransferTaxSummary, DisputeResolutionPreference,
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ForeignInvestmentRestrictions, JurisdictionAdapter, RealEstateRegistrationReq,
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RegulatoryBody, ValidationResult,
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};
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use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, IPSubtype, LegalSystem, RealEstateSubtype};
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pub struct CnAdapter;
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impl JurisdictionAdapter for CnAdapter {
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fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str {
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"CN"
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}
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fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str {
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"中华人民共和国"
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}
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fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem {
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LegalSystem::CivilLaw
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}
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fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport> {
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vec![
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AssetCategorySupport {
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category: "不动产（住宅）".to_string(),
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supported: true,
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foreign_entity_allowed: false, // 外资购买住宅受限
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restrictions: Some("外资个人须在中国境内工作或学习满1年；外资机构不得购买非自用住宅".to_string()),
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required_approvals: vec!["不动产登记中心".to_string()],
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},
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AssetCategorySupport {
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category: "不动产（商业）".to_string(),
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supported: true,
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foreign_entity_allowed: true,
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restrictions: Some("外资商业地产须符合外商投资准入负面清单".to_string()),
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required_approvals: vec!["商务部/地方政府审批".to_string(), "不动产登记中心".to_string()],
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},
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AssetCategorySupport {
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category: "不动产（工业）".to_string(),
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supported: true,
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foreign_entity_allowed: true,
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restrictions: Some("须通过外商投资企业形式持有".to_string()),
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required_approvals: vec!["商务部".to_string(), "自然资源部".to_string()],
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},
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AssetCategorySupport {
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category: "知识产权（专利）".to_string(),
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supported: true,
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foreign_entity_allowed: true,
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restrictions: None,
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required_approvals: vec!["国家知识产权局（CNIPA）".to_string()],
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},
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AssetCategorySupport {
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category: "知识产权（商标）".to_string(),
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supported: true,
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foreign_entity_allowed: true,
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restrictions: None,
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required_approvals: vec!["国家知识产权局商标局".to_string()],
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},
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AssetCategorySupport {
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category: "大宗商品".to_string(),
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supported: true,
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foreign_entity_allowed: true,
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restrictions: Some("部分战略物资受出口管制".to_string()),
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required_approvals: vec!["商务部".to_string()],
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},
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AssetCategorySupport {
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category: "金融资产（股权）".to_string(),
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supported: true,
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foreign_entity_allowed: true,
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restrictions: Some("A股外资持股比例限制；部分行业外资股比上限".to_string()),
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required_approvals: vec!["中国证监会（CSRC）".to_string()],
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},
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]
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}
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fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq {
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RealEstateRegistrationReq {
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registry_authority: "自然资源部不动产登记中心（各地不动产登记局）".to_string(),
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notarization_required: false, // 中国不强制公证，但实践中常用
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notary_authority: None,
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registration_process: "签订买卖合同 → 网签备案（住宅必须）→ 缴纳税费 → 申请不动产登记 → 领取不动产权证".to_string(),
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foreign_buyer_restrictions: Some("外资个人须提供在华工作/学习证明；外资机构须通过外商投资企业持有".to_string()),
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required_documents: vec![
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"买卖合同（网签版）".to_string(),
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"身份证/护照（买卖双方）".to_string(),
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"不动产权证（卖方）".to_string(),
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"契税完税证明".to_string(),
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"增值税完税证明（满2年豁免）".to_string(),
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"个人所得税完税证明（卖方）".to_string(),
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"婚姻状况证明（已婚须配偶同意书）".to_string(),
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],
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typical_completion_days: 30,
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registration_fee_pct: 0.003, // 0.3%
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}
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}
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fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
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ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
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has_fdi_review: true,
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review_authority: Some("商务部/国家发展改革委（外商投资安全审查机制）".to_string()),
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prohibited_sectors: vec![
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"新闻媒体".to_string(),
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"互联网新闻信息服务".to_string(),
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"网络出版服务".to_string(),
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"网络视听节目服务".to_string(),
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"互联网文化经营".to_string(),
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"网络游戏运营（部分）".to_string(),
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"学前教育、普通高中和高等教育机构".to_string(),
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"中国法律服务机构".to_string(),
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"社会调查".to_string(),
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"放射性矿产勘查开采".to_string(),
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],
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restricted_sectors: vec![
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"电信（增值电信服务外资股比≤50%）".to_string(),
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"金融（银行/保险/证券外资股比限制）".to_string(),
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"汽车制造（部分合资要求）".to_string(),
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"文化（出版/影视合拍）".to_string(),
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],
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real_estate_restrictions: Some("外资购买住宅须满足自用条件；商业地产须符合准入负面清单".to_string()),
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legal_basis: "《外商投资法》《外商投资准入特别管理措施（负面清单）》".to_string(),
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}
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}
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fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody> {
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vec![
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RegulatoryBody {
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name: "中国证券监督管理委员会".to_string(),
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abbreviation: "CSRC".to_string(),
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jurisdiction_area: "证券、期货、基金监管".to_string(),
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website: Some("http://www.csrc.gov.cn".to_string()),
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},
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RegulatoryBody {
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name: "中国人民银行".to_string(),
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abbreviation: "PBOC".to_string(),
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jurisdiction_area: "货币政策、支付清算、反洗钱".to_string(),
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website: Some("http://www.pbc.gov.cn".to_string()),
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},
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RegulatoryBody {
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name: "国家金融监督管理总局".to_string(),
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abbreviation: "NFRA".to_string(),
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jurisdiction_area: "银行、保险监管".to_string(),
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website: Some("http://www.nfra.gov.cn".to_string()),
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},
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RegulatoryBody {
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name: "自然资源部".to_string(),
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abbreviation: "MNR".to_string(),
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jurisdiction_area: "不动产登记、土地管理".to_string(),
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website: Some("http://www.mnr.gov.cn".to_string()),
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},
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RegulatoryBody {
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name: "国家知识产权局".to_string(),
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abbreviation: "CNIPA".to_string(),
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jurisdiction_area: "专利、商标、版权".to_string(),
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website: Some("http://www.cnipa.gov.cn".to_string()),
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},
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RegulatoryBody {
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name: "商务部".to_string(),
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abbreviation: "MOFCOM".to_string(),
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jurisdiction_area: "外商投资审批、对外贸易".to_string(),
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website: Some("http://www.mofcom.gov.cn".to_string()),
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},
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]
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}
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fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary {
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AssetTransferTaxSummary {
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real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: Some(0.03), // 契税 1%-3%（首套1%，二套3%）
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real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: Some(0.01), // 增值税（满2年豁免）
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stamp_duty: Some(0.0005), // 印花税 0.05%
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capital_gains_tax_resident: Some(0.20), // 个人所得税 20%（差价）
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capital_gains_tax_nonresident: Some(0.20),
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vat_or_gst: Some(0.05), // 增值税 5%（不满2年）
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withholding_tax_dividend: Some(0.10), // 股息预提税 10%（非居民）
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withholding_tax_interest: Some(0.10),
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withholding_tax_royalty: Some(0.10),
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notes: Some("契税：首套房1%，二套房3%；增值税：不满2年5%，满2年普通住宅免征；个税：满5年唯一住房免征".to_string()),
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}
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}
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fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference {
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DisputeResolutionPreference {
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real_estate: "人民法院（物权纠纷适用不动产所在地法院）".to_string(),
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goods_trade: "中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（CIETAC）/人民法院".to_string(),
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intellectual_property: "知识产权法院/CIETAC".to_string(),
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financial: "中国证券期货市场纠纷调解中心/仲裁".to_string(),
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new_york_convention_member: true,
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}
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}
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fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
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&self,
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asset: &AssetCategory,
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is_foreign_entity: bool,
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) -> ValidationResult {
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match asset {
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AssetCategory::RealEstate(subtype) => {
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if is_foreign_entity {
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match subtype {
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RealEstateSubtype::Residential => {
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ValidationResult::RequiresGovernmentApproval(
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"外资购买住宅须满足在华工作/学习满1年条件，并向不动产登记中心申请".to_string(),
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)
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}
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RealEstateSubtype::Commercial | RealEstateSubtype::Industrial => {
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ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
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"须通过外商投资企业形式持有".to_string(),
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"须符合外商投资准入负面清单".to_string(),
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"须向商务部备案或审批".to_string(),
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])
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}
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_ => ValidationResult::RequiresGovernmentApproval(
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"外资购买特殊类型不动产须专项审批".to_string(),
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),
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}
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} else {
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ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
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"须完成网签备案".to_string(),
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"须缴纳契税、增值税、个税".to_string(),
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"须在不动产登记中心完成产权转移登记".to_string(),
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])
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}
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}
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AssetCategory::IntellectualProperty(subtype) => {
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match subtype {
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IPSubtype::InventionPatent | IPSubtype::UtilityModel | IPSubtype::DesignPatent => {
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ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
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"须在国家知识产权局完成专利权转让登记".to_string(),
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"转让合同须经CNIPA备案".to_string(),
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])
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}
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IPSubtype::Trademark => {
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ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
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"须在国家知识产权局商标局完成商标权转让登记".to_string(),
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])
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}
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_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
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}
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}
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AssetCategory::FinancialAsset(_) => {
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if is_foreign_entity {
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ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
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"须符合外资持股比例限制".to_string(),
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"须通过QFII/RQFII/沪深港通等合规渠道".to_string(),
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])
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} else {
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ValidationResult::Approved
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}
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}
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_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
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}
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}
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}
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