NAC_Blockchain/nvm_v2/acc-protocol/src/acc_collateral.rs

// ACC-Collateral: 资产抵押协议（Collateral Protocol）
//
// NAC原生的资产抵押标准，用于借贷和DeFi应用
// 100% NAC原生协议，不是任何现有标准的实现

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::collections::HashMap;

/// 抵押状态
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum CollateralStatus {
    /// 活跃
    Active,
    /// 已清算
    Liquidated,
    /// 已释放
    Released,
    /// 已违约
    Defaulted,
}

/// 抵押率类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum CollateralRatioType {
    /// 初始抵押率（Initial LTV）
    Initial,
    /// 维持抵押率（Maintenance LTV）
    Maintenance,
    /// 清算抵押率（Liquidation LTV）
    Liquidation,
}

/// 抵押记录
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CollateralRecord {
    /// 抵押ID
    pub collateral_id: String,
    /// 抵押资产ID
    pub asset_id: String,
    /// 抵押人地址
    pub borrower: String,
    /// 贷款人地址
    pub lender: String,
    /// 抵押资产价值（USD，以分为单位）
    pub collateral_value: u128,
    /// 借款金额（USD，以分为单位）
    pub loan_amount: u128,
    /// 初始抵押率（百分比，如150表示150%）
    pub initial_ltv: u16,
    /// 维持抵押率（百分比）
    pub maintenance_ltv: u16,
    /// 清算抵押率（百分比）
    pub liquidation_ltv: u16,
    /// 当前抵押率（百分比）
    pub current_ltv: u16,
    /// 利率（年化，基点，如500表示5%）
    pub interest_rate: u16,
    /// 抵押状态
    pub status: CollateralStatus,
    /// 创建时间
    pub created_at: u64,
    /// 到期时间
    pub expires_at: u64,
    /// 最后更新时间
    pub updated_at: u64,
    /// 清算时间
    pub liquidated_at: Option<u64>,
}

/// 抵押错误类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum CollateralError {
    /// 抵押记录不存在
    RecordNotFound,
    /// 抵押记录已存在
    RecordAlreadyExists,
    /// 资产不存在
    AssetNotFound,
    /// 抵押率不足
    InsufficientCollateral,
    /// 抵押已清算
    AlreadyLiquidated,
    /// 抵押已释放
    AlreadyReleased,
    /// 未到期
    NotExpired,
    /// 未授权操作
    Unauthorized,
    /// 无效的抵押率
    InvalidLTV,
}

/// 抵押状态
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CollateralState {
    /// 抵押记录映射 (collateral_id -> CollateralRecord)
    pub collaterals: HashMap<String, CollateralRecord>,
    /// 资产抵押映射 (asset_id -> collateral_id)
    pub asset_collaterals: HashMap<String, String>,
    /// 借款人抵押列表 (borrower -> [collateral_ids])
    pub borrower_collaterals: HashMap<String, Vec<String>>,
    /// 贷款人抵押列表 (lender -> [collateral_ids])
    pub lender_collaterals: HashMap<String, Vec<String>>,
}

/// ACC-Collateral接口
pub trait ACCCollateral {
    /// 创建抵押
    fn create_collateral(&mut self, record: CollateralRecord) -> Result<(), CollateralError>;

    /// 获取抵押记录
    fn get_collateral(&self, collateral_id: &str) -> Result<CollateralRecord, CollateralError>;

    /// 获取资产的抵押记录
    fn get_asset_collateral(&self, asset_id: &str) -> Result<CollateralRecord, CollateralError>;

    /// 更新抵押资产价值
    fn update_collateral_value(
        &mut self,
        collateral_id: &str,
        new_value: u128,
    ) -> Result<(), CollateralError>;

    /// 计算当前抵押率
    fn calculate_ltv(&self, collateral_id: &str) -> Result<u16, CollateralError>;

    /// 检查是否需要清算
    fn is_liquidatable(&self, collateral_id: &str) -> bool;

    /// 清算抵押
    fn liquidate(&mut self, collateral_id: &str) -> Result<(), CollateralError>;

    /// 释放抵押
    fn release(&mut self, collateral_id: &str) -> Result<(), CollateralError>;

    /// 部分还款
    fn partial_repay(
        &mut self,
        collateral_id: &str,
        amount: u128,
    ) -> Result<(), CollateralError>;

    /// 获取借款人的抵押列表
    fn get_borrower_collaterals(&self, borrower: &str) -> Vec<CollateralRecord>;

    /// 获取贷款人的抵押列表
    fn get_lender_collaterals(&self, lender: &str) -> Vec<CollateralRecord>;

    /// 获取所有需要清算的抵押
    fn get_liquidatable_collaterals(&self) -> Vec<CollateralRecord>;
}

/// ACC-Collateral标准实现
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CollateralToken {
    state: CollateralState,
}

impl CollateralToken {
    /// 创建新的抵押管理器
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            state: CollateralState {
                collaterals: HashMap::new(),
                asset_collaterals: HashMap::new(),
                borrower_collaterals: HashMap::new(),
                lender_collaterals: HashMap::new(),
            },
        }
    }

    /// 获取状态的可变引用
    pub fn state_mut(&mut self) -> &mut CollateralState {
        &mut self.state
    }

    /// 获取状态的不可变引用
    pub fn state(&self) -> &CollateralState {
        &self.state
    }

    /// 验证抵押率
    fn validate_ltv(&self, record: &CollateralRecord) -> Result<(), CollateralError> {
        // LTV应该是递增的：initial < maintenance < liquidation
        if record.initial_ltv > record.maintenance_ltv
            || record.maintenance_ltv > record.liquidation_ltv
        {
            return Err(CollateralError::InvalidLTV);
        }

        // 检查初始抵押率是否满足要求
        let ltv = (record.loan_amount * 10000 / record.collateral_value) as u16;
        if ltv > record.initial_ltv {
            return Err(CollateralError::InsufficientCollateral);
        }

        Ok(())
    }
}

impl Default for CollateralToken {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

impl ACCCollateral for CollateralToken {
    fn create_collateral(&mut self, mut record: CollateralRecord) -> Result<(), CollateralError> {
        // 检查抵押记录是否已存在
        if self.state.collaterals.contains_key(&record.collateral_id) {
            return Err(CollateralError::RecordAlreadyExists);
        }

        // 检查资产是否已被抵押
        if self.state.asset_collaterals.contains_key(&record.asset_id) {
            return Err(CollateralError::RecordAlreadyExists);
        }

        // 验证抵押率
        self.validate_ltv(&record)?;

        let now = std::time::SystemTime::now()
            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
            .unwrap()
            .as_secs();

        record.created_at = now;
        record.updated_at = now;
        record.status = CollateralStatus::Active;
        record.current_ltv = (record.loan_amount * 10000 / record.collateral_value) as u16;

        let collateral_id = record.collateral_id.clone();
        let asset_id = record.asset_id.clone();
        let borrower = record.borrower.clone();
        let lender = record.lender.clone();

        // 保存抵押记录
        self.state
            .collaterals
            .insert(collateral_id.clone(), record);

        // 更新资产抵押映射
        self.state
            .asset_collaterals
            .insert(asset_id, collateral_id.clone());

        // 更新借款人抵押列表
        self.state
            .borrower_collaterals
            .entry(borrower)
            .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
            .push(collateral_id.clone());

        // 更新贷款人抵押列表
        self.state
            .lender_collaterals
            .entry(lender)
            .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
            .push(collateral_id);

        Ok(())
    }

    fn get_collateral(&self, collateral_id: &str) -> Result<CollateralRecord, CollateralError> {
        self.state
            .collaterals
            .get(collateral_id)
            .cloned()
            .ok_or(CollateralError::RecordNotFound)
    }

    fn get_asset_collateral(&self, asset_id: &str) -> Result<CollateralRecord, CollateralError> {
        let collateral_id = self
            .state
            .asset_collaterals
            .get(asset_id)
            .ok_or(CollateralError::AssetNotFound)?;
        self.get_collateral(collateral_id)
    }

    fn update_collateral_value(
        &mut self,
        collateral_id: &str,
        new_value: u128,
    ) -> Result<(), CollateralError> {
        let mut record = self.get_collateral(collateral_id)?;

        if record.status != CollateralStatus::Active {
            return Err(CollateralError::AlreadyLiquidated);
        }

        record.collateral_value = new_value;
        record.current_ltv = (record.loan_amount * 10000 / new_value) as u16;

        let now = std::time::SystemTime::now()
            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
            .unwrap()
            .as_secs();
        record.updated_at = now;

        self.state
            .collaterals
            .insert(collateral_id.to_string(), record);

        Ok(())
    }

    fn calculate_ltv(&self, collateral_id: &str) -> Result<u16, CollateralError> {
        let record = self.get_collateral(collateral_id)?;
        Ok((record.loan_amount * 10000 / record.collateral_value) as u16)
    }

    fn is_liquidatable(&self, collateral_id: &str) -> bool {
        if let Ok(record) = self.get_collateral(collateral_id) {
            record.status == CollateralStatus::Active
                && record.current_ltv >= record.liquidation_ltv
        } else {
            false
        }
    }

    fn liquidate(&mut self, collateral_id: &str) -> Result<(), CollateralError> {
        let mut record = self.get_collateral(collateral_id)?;

        if record.status != CollateralStatus::Active {
            return Err(CollateralError::AlreadyLiquidated);
        }

        if !self.is_liquidatable(collateral_id) {
            return Err(CollateralError::InsufficientCollateral);
        }

        let now = std::time::SystemTime::now()
            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
            .unwrap()
            .as_secs();

        record.status = CollateralStatus::Liquidated;
        record.liquidated_at = Some(now);
        record.updated_at = now;

        self.state
            .collaterals
            .insert(collateral_id.to_string(), record);

        Ok(())
    }

    fn release(&mut self, collateral_id: &str) -> Result<(), CollateralError> {
        let mut record = self.get_collateral(collateral_id)?;

        if record.status != CollateralStatus::Active {
            return Err(CollateralError::AlreadyReleased);
        }

        let now = std::time::SystemTime::now()
            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
            .unwrap()
            .as_secs();

        record.status = CollateralStatus::Released;
        record.updated_at = now;

        self.state
            .collaterals
            .insert(collateral_id.to_string(), record);

        Ok(())
    }

    fn partial_repay(
        &mut self,
        collateral_id: &str,
        amount: u128,
    ) -> Result<(), CollateralError> {
        let mut record = self.get_collateral(collateral_id)?;

        if record.status != CollateralStatus::Active {
            return Err(CollateralError::AlreadyLiquidated);
        }

        if amount > record.loan_amount {
            return Err(CollateralError::Unauthorized);
        }

        record.loan_amount -= amount;
        record.current_ltv = if record.loan_amount > 0 {
            (record.loan_amount * 10000 / record.collateral_value) as u16
        } else {
            0
        };

        let now = std::time::SystemTime::now()
            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
            .unwrap()
            .as_secs();
        record.updated_at = now;

        self.state
            .collaterals
            .insert(collateral_id.to_string(), record);

        Ok(())
    }

    fn get_borrower_collaterals(&self, borrower: &str) -> Vec<CollateralRecord> {
        self.state
            .borrower_collaterals
            .get(borrower)
            .map(|collateral_ids| {
                collateral_ids
                    .iter()
                    .filter_map(|id| self.state.collaterals.get(id).cloned())
                    .collect()
            })
            .unwrap_or_default()
    }

    fn get_lender_collaterals(&self, lender: &str) -> Vec<CollateralRecord> {
        self.state
            .lender_collaterals
            .get(lender)
            .map(|collateral_ids| {
                collateral_ids
                    .iter()
                    .filter_map(|id| self.state.collaterals.get(id).cloned())
                    .collect()
            })
            .unwrap_or_default()
    }

    fn get_liquidatable_collaterals(&self) -> Vec<CollateralRecord> {
        self.state
            .collaterals
            .values()
            .filter(|record| {
                record.status == CollateralStatus::Active
                    && record.current_ltv >= record.liquidation_ltv
            })
            .cloned()
            .collect()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn create_test_record() -> CollateralRecord {
        CollateralRecord {
            collateral_id: "COLL-001".to_string(),
            asset_id: "RWA-001".to_string(),
            borrower: "alice".to_string(),
            lender: "bob".to_string(),
            collateral_value: 1000000_00, // $10,000
            loan_amount: 600000_00,       // $6,000
            initial_ltv: 7000,            // 70%
            maintenance_ltv: 8000,        // 80%
            liquidation_ltv: 8500,        // 85%
            current_ltv: 6000,            // 60%
            interest_rate: 500,           // 5%
            status: CollateralStatus::Active,
            created_at: 0,
            expires_at: 1234567890 + 31536000,
            updated_at: 0,
            liquidated_at: None,
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_create_collateral() {
        let mut collateral = CollateralToken::new();
        let record = create_test_record();
        assert!(collateral.create_collateral(record).is_ok());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_calculate_ltv() {
        let mut collateral = CollateralToken::new();
        let record = create_test_record();
        collateral.create_collateral(record).unwrap();

        let ltv = collateral.calculate_ltv("COLL-001").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(ltv, 6000); // 60%
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_update_collateral_value() {
        let mut collateral = CollateralToken::new();
        let record = create_test_record();
        collateral.create_collateral(record).unwrap();

        assert!(collateral
            .update_collateral_value("COLL-001", 500000_00)
            .is_ok());
        let ltv = collateral.calculate_ltv("COLL-001").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(ltv, 12000); // 120%
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_liquidate() {
        let mut collateral = CollateralToken::new();
        let record = create_test_record();
        // 创建正常的抵押记录（LTV = 60%）
        collateral.create_collateral(record).unwrap();

        // 通过降低抵押品价值使LTV上升到清算阈值以上
        // 原始: loan_amount=600000_00, collateral_value=1000000_00, LTV=60%
        // 要达到90% LTV，需要: collateral_value = 600000_00 * 10000 / 9000 = 666666_67
        assert!(collateral
            .update_collateral_value("COLL-001", 666666_67)
            .is_ok());

        // 现在LTV应该是90%，超过liquidation_ltv (85%)
        assert!(collateral.liquidate("COLL-001").is_ok());
        assert_eq!(
            collateral.get_collateral("COLL-001").unwrap().status,
            CollateralStatus::Liquidated
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_partial_repay() {
        let mut collateral = CollateralToken::new();
        let record = create_test_record();
        collateral.create_collateral(record).unwrap();

        assert!(collateral.partial_repay("COLL-001", 100000_00).is_ok());
        assert_eq!(
            collateral.get_collateral("COLL-001").unwrap().loan_amount,
            500000_00
        );
    }
}