NAC_Blockchain/nac-ai-valuation/valuation-ui/knowledge/jurisdiction_kb.js

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/**
* NAC 估值知识库 - 辖区参数矩阵 v2.0
* 覆盖 Tier 1 高成熟度辖区20个+ Tier 2 辖区40+个)
* 每个辖区包含:不动产、金融、知识产权、企业权益等核心资产的估值参数
*/
const JURISDICTION_KB = {
// ============================================================
// TIER 1 - 高成熟度辖区(完整参数)
// ============================================================
HK: {
name: '香港',
nameEn: 'Hong Kong',
currency: 'HKD',
currencySymbol: 'HK$',
usdRate: 0.1282, // 1 HKD = 0.1282 USD
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '普通法系Common Law',
regulators: ['证监会(SFC)', '金融管理局(HKMA)', '差饷物业估价署(RVD)'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 2.0, max: 3.5, avg: 2.8 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 5.0, avg: 3.8 },
industrialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 6.0, avg: 5.0 },
priceUnit: 'HKD/呎',
landTenure: '政府批地通常75年可续期',
foreignOwnership: '外籍人士可自由购买',
stampDuty: {
resident: '从价印花税(AVD) 1.5-4.25%',
nonResident: '买家印花税(BSD) 15% + AVD',
extraStampDuty: '额外印花税(SSD) 10-20%3年内转售'
},
keyAreas: {
'中西区': { priceRange: '25,000-60,000 HKD/呎', type: '豪宅/商业' },
'湾仔': { priceRange: '20,000-45,000 HKD/呎', type: '住宅/商业' },
'九龙': { priceRange: '15,000-35,000 HKD/呎', type: '住宅' },
'新界': { priceRange: '8,000-20,000 HKD/呎', type: '住宅/工业' },
'离岛': { priceRange: '5,000-15,000 HKD/呎', type: '住宅' }
},
valuationMethods: ['市场比较法(主要)', '收益资本化法', '残余法(发展用地)'],
keyFactors: ['楼层溢价(每层+0.5-1%', '海景溢价(+15-30%', '楼龄折旧(每年-0.5-1%', '管理费水平', '交通便利性']
},
financialAssets: {
stockMarket: '香港联合交易所HKEX',
valuationStandard: 'HKFRS与IFRS对齐',
peRatioRange: { min: 8, max: 25, avg: 12 },
dividendYield: { min: 2.0, max: 6.0, avg: 3.5 },
capitalGainsTax: '无资本利得税',
dividendTax: '无股息税'
},
intellectualProperty: {
copyrightTerm: '作者终身+50年',
patentTerm: '20年',
trademarkTerm: '10年可续期',
registrationBody: '知识产权署(IPDO)',
valuationApproach: '收益法为主,市场法为辅',
royaltyRates: {
software: '5-15%',
music: '8-12%',
film: '10-20%',
patent: '3-8%',
trademark: '2-6%'
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '16.5%首200万港元8.25%',
incomeTax: '2-17%(薪俸税)',
vatGst: '无增值税/消费税',
capitalGainsTax: '无',
inheritanceTax: '无'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'HK',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '企业权益', '数字资产'],
regulatoryNotes: 'SFC已发布虚拟资产监管框架RWA代币化合规路径清晰'
}
},
SG: {
name: '新加坡',
nameEn: 'Singapore',
currency: 'SGD',
currencySymbol: 'S$',
usdRate: 0.745,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '普通法系Common Law',
regulators: ['金融管理局(MAS)', '城市重建局(URA)', '建屋发展局(HDB)'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 2.5, max: 4.0, avg: 3.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 5.5, avg: 4.2 },
industrialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.8 },
priceUnit: 'SGD/sqft',
landTenure: '永久地契Freehold或99年租约Leasehold',
foreignOwnership: '私人公寓可购买HDB组屋不可购买',
stampDuty: {
citizen: 'BSD 1-4%',
pr: 'BSD 1-4% + ABSD 5%',
foreigner: 'BSD 1-4% + ABSD 60%2023年起',
entity: 'BSD 1-4% + ABSD 65%'
},
regions: {
'CCR核心中央区': { priceRange: '2,500-5,000 SGD/sqft', areas: '乌节路、滨海湾、圣淘沙' },
'RCR其他中央区': { priceRange: '1,800-3,000 SGD/sqft', areas: '大巴窑、加冷、碧山' },
'OCR中央区以外': { priceRange: '1,200-2,000 SGD/sqft', areas: '裕廊、淡滨尼、兀兰' }
},
valuationMethods: ['市场比较法', '收益资本化法', 'DCF法商业地产'],
keyFactors: ['地契类型永久vs99年', '地区分类CCR/RCR/OCR', 'MRT距离', '楼龄', '楼层']
},
financialAssets: {
stockMarket: '新加坡交易所SGX',
valuationStandard: 'SFRS与IFRS对齐',
peRatioRange: { min: 10, max: 20, avg: 14 },
dividendYield: { min: 3.0, max: 7.0, avg: 4.5 },
capitalGainsTax: '无资本利得税',
dividendTax: '无股息税(单层税制)'
},
intellectualProperty: {
copyrightTerm: '作者终身+70年',
patentTerm: '20年',
trademarkTerm: '10年可续期',
registrationBody: '知识产权局(IPOS)',
valuationApproach: '收益法为主',
royaltyRates: {
software: '8-15%',
music: '6-10%',
patent: '3-7%',
trademark: '2-5%'
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '17%(有效税率更低,有豁免)',
incomeTax: '0-24%(累进税率)',
vatGst: 'GST 9%2024年起',
capitalGainsTax: '无',
inheritanceTax: '无2008年废除'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'SG',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '企业权益', '数字资产', '环境权益'],
regulatoryNotes: 'MAS Project Guardian推动RWA代币化监管框架成熟'
}
},
US: {
name: '美国',
nameEn: 'United States',
currency: 'USD',
currencySymbol: '$',
usdRate: 1.0,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '普通法系Common Law',
regulators: ['SEC', 'CFTC', 'Federal Reserve', 'OCC', 'FDIC'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 8.0, avg: 5.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.5, max: 9.0, avg: 6.0 },
industrialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.5 },
priceUnit: 'USD/sqft',
landTenure: '永久产权Fee Simple',
foreignOwnership: '可购买但需遵守FIRPTA外国人不动产投资税法',
stampDuty: {
transferTax: '因州而异0.01-2.2%',
propertyTax: '年度财产税0.5-2.5%(因州而异)',
firpta: '外籍人士出售时预扣15%'
},
states: {
'New York': { capRate: '3.5-5.5%', priceRange: '1,000-5,000 USD/sqft曼哈顿', propertyTax: '1.0-1.9%' },
'California': { capRate: '3.0-5.0%', priceRange: '500-2,000 USD/sqft湾区', propertyTax: '1.1%Prop 13限制' },
'Texas': { capRate: '5.0-8.0%', priceRange: '150-400 USD/sqft', propertyTax: '1.8-2.5%' },
'Florida': { capRate: '4.5-7.0%', priceRange: '200-600 USD/sqft', propertyTax: '0.8-1.5%' },
'Illinois': { capRate: '5.5-8.5%', priceRange: '150-500 USD/sqft', propertyTax: '2.0-3.0%' }
},
valuationMethods: ['市场比较法SCA', '收益资本化法', 'DCF法', '成本法'],
keyFactors: ['地段Location', '学区评级', '财产税率', '抵押贷款利率', 'HOA费用']
},
financialAssets: {
stockMarket: 'NYSE / NASDAQ / AMEX',
valuationStandard: 'US GAAP',
peRatioRange: { min: 15, max: 30, avg: 20 },
dividendYield: { min: 1.0, max: 5.0, avg: 2.0 },
capitalGainsTax: '短期普通所得税率长期0/15/20%',
dividendTax: '合格股息0/15/20%,普通股息按所得税率'
},
intellectualProperty: {
copyrightTerm: '作者终身+70年1978年后',
patentTerm: '20年实用专利/ 15年外观设计',
trademarkTerm: '10年可无限续期',
registrationBody: 'USPTO专利商标/ USCO版权',
valuationApproach: '收益法Relief from Royalty、超额收益法',
royaltyRates: {
software: '10-20%',
music: '9.1分/首(法定版税)',
film: '15-25%',
patent: '5-15%',
trademark: '3-8%',
portraitRight: '商业使用需授权,价值因知名度差异极大'
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '21%(联邦)+ 州税0-12%',
incomeTax: '10-37%(联邦累进)+ 州税',
vatGst: '销售税Sales Tax因州而异0-10.25%',
capitalGainsTax: '长期0/15/20%,短期按所得税率',
inheritanceTax: '遗产税40%超过1206万USD豁免额'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'US',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '企业权益', '数字资产', '大宗商品', '环境权益'],
regulatoryNotes: 'SEC对RWA代币化持审慎态度需Howey Test合规分析'
}
},
GB: {
name: '英国',
nameEn: 'United Kingdom',
currency: 'GBP',
currencySymbol: '£',
usdRate: 1.27,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '普通法系Common Law',
regulators: ['FCA', 'PRA', 'HMRC', 'RICS'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 6.0, avg: 4.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.0 },
industrialCapRate: { min: 4.5, max: 7.5, avg: 5.5 },
priceUnit: 'GBP/sqft',
landTenure: '永久产权Freehold或租约Leasehold',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买',
stampDuty: {
resident: 'SDLT 0-12%(累进)',
nonResident: 'SDLT + 2%附加税(非英国居民)',
additionalProperty: '+3%附加税(第二套房)'
},
regions: {
'London内伦敦': { priceRange: '800-3,000 GBP/sqft', capRate: '2.5-4.0%' },
'London外伦敦': { priceRange: '400-900 GBP/sqft', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' },
'Manchester': { priceRange: '200-450 GBP/sqft', capRate: '4.5-6.5%' },
'Birmingham': { priceRange: '180-400 GBP/sqft', capRate: '4.5-6.5%' },
'Edinburgh': { priceRange: '250-500 GBP/sqft', capRate: '4.0-6.0%' }
},
valuationMethods: ['RICS红皮书标准', '市场比较法', '收益法', '残余法'],
keyFactors: ['地契类型Freehold/Leasehold', '租约剩余年限', 'EPC能效评级', '地段', '交通']
},
intellectualProperty: {
copyrightTerm: '作者终身+70年',
patentTerm: '20年',
trademarkTerm: '10年可续期',
registrationBody: 'IPO知识产权局',
valuationApproach: '收益法Relief from Royalty',
royaltyRates: {
software: '8-15%',
music: '6-12%',
patent: '3-8%',
trademark: '2-6%'
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '25%2023年起利润超25万英镑',
incomeTax: '20-45%(累进)',
vatGst: 'VAT 20%(标准税率)',
capitalGainsTax: '18/28%(不动产)/ 10/20%(其他资产)',
inheritanceTax: '40%超过325,000英镑豁免额'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'GB',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '企业权益'],
regulatoryNotes: 'FCA沙盒监管英国积极推进RWA代币化立法'
}
},
DE: {
name: '德国',
nameEn: 'Germany',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '大陆法系Civil Law',
regulators: ['BaFin', 'Bundesbank', 'DVFA'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 2.5, max: 5.0, avg: 3.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 6.0, avg: 4.5 },
industrialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.0 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
landTenure: '永久产权',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买',
stampDuty: {
transferTax: '土地转让税Grunderwerbsteuer3.5-6.5%(因州而异)',
propertyTax: '年度不动产税Grundsteuer0.1-0.5%'
},
cities: {
'Munich慕尼黑': { priceRange: '8,000-15,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '2.5-3.5%', rentControl: '租金刹车法' },
'Berlin柏林': { priceRange: '5,000-10,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '2.8-4.0%', rentControl: '租金上限法Mietendeckel' },
'Frankfurt法兰克福': { priceRange: '5,500-11,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.0-4.5%' },
'Hamburg汉堡': { priceRange: '5,000-9,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.0-4.5%' },
'Cologne科隆': { priceRange: '4,000-8,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' }
},
valuationMethods: ['Vergleichswertverfahren比较法', 'Ertragswertverfahren收益法', 'Sachwertverfahren成本法'],
keyFactors: ['租金管制Mietpreisbremse', '能效等级Energieausweis', '地段', '楼龄', '租约稳定性']
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '15%企业税 + 5.5%团结附加税 + 营业税约14%= 约30%',
incomeTax: '14-45%(累进)',
vatGst: 'VAT 19%(标准)/ 7%(优惠)',
capitalGainsTax: '25%Abgeltungsteuer持有超10年不动产免税',
inheritanceTax: '7-50%(根据关系和金额)'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'DE',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '企业权益', '环境权益'],
regulatoryNotes: 'BaFin对数字资产监管严格需MiCA合规'
}
},
FR: {
name: '法国',
nameEn: 'France',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '大陆法系Civil Law',
regulators: ['AMF', 'ACPR', 'Banque de France'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 2.0, max: 4.5, avg: 3.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 6.0, avg: 4.5 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
landTenure: '永久产权',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买',
stampDuty: {
transferTax: '登记税Droits d\'enregistrement5.8%(旧房)/ 0.7%(新房+VAT 20%',
notaryFees: '公证费约1%'
},
cities: {
'Paris巴黎': { priceRange: '8,000-20,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '2.0-3.5%' },
'Lyon里昂': { priceRange: '4,000-7,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.0-4.5%' },
'Marseille马赛': { priceRange: '2,500-5,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.5%' },
'Nice尼斯': { priceRange: '4,000-8,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '2.5-4.0%' }
},
valuationMethods: ['市场比较法', '收益资本化法', 'DCF法'],
keyFactors: ['DPE能效评级2025年起F/G级不得出租', '地段', '楼层', '电梯', '停车位']
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '25%',
incomeTax: '0-45%(累进)',
vatGst: 'TVA 20%(标准)',
capitalGainsTax: '不动产19%+社会税17.2%持有22年免税证券30%',
wealthTax: 'IFI不动产财富税0.5-1.5%超过130万欧元'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'FR',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '艺术品', '企业权益'],
regulatoryNotes: 'AMF已建立数字资产服务商(PSAN)注册制度'
}
},
CH: {
name: '瑞士',
nameEn: 'Switzerland',
currency: 'CHF',
currencySymbol: 'CHF',
usdRate: 1.12,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '大陆法系Civil Law',
regulators: ['FINMA', 'SNB', 'SIX'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 2.0, max: 4.0, avg: 2.8 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 5.5, avg: 4.0 },
priceUnit: 'CHF/m²',
landTenure: '永久产权',
foreignOwnership: '受Lex Koller法律限制非居民购买受严格限制',
stampDuty: {
transferTax: '土地转让税因州而异0-3.3%',
notaryFees: '公证费0.1-0.5%'
},
cities: {
'Zurich苏黎世': { priceRange: '12,000-25,000 CHF/m²', capRate: '2.0-3.0%' },
'Geneva日内瓦': { priceRange: '12,000-22,000 CHF/m²', capRate: '2.0-3.0%' },
'Basel巴塞尔': { priceRange: '7,000-14,000 CHF/m²', capRate: '2.5-3.5%' },
'Bern伯尔尼': { priceRange: '7,000-13,000 CHF/m²', capRate: '2.5-3.5%' }
},
valuationMethods: ['享乐定价法', '收益资本化法', '市场比较法'],
keyFactors: ['Lex Koller限制', '湖景/山景溢价', '州税率差异', '语言区(德/法/意)']
},
financialAssets: {
privateBanking: '私人银行业务全球领先资产管理规模约2.5万亿CHF',
valuationStandard: 'Swiss GAAP FER / IFRS',
capitalGainsTax: '私人资本利得通常免税(专业投资者除外)'
},
intellectualProperty: {
copyrightTerm: '作者终身+70年',
patentTerm: '20年',
trademarkTerm: '10年可续期',
registrationBody: 'IGE/IPI联邦知识产权局',
specialFeature: '瑞士是全球重要的IP持有地税务优惠显著IP Box制度',
ipBoxTaxRate: '有效税率可低至8.5%'
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '联邦8.5% + 州税有效税率约12-22%,因州而异)',
incomeTax: '联邦0-11.5% + 州税总体约20-40%',
vatGst: 'VAT 8.1%2024年起',
capitalGainsTax: '私人资本利得通常免税',
inheritanceTax: '因州而异,直系亲属通常免税'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'CH',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['金融证券', '知识产权', '企业权益', '数字资产', '不动产'],
regulatoryNotes: 'Crypto Valley楚格州FINMA对DLT/区块链监管框架完善DLT法已生效'
}
},
JP: {
name: '日本',
nameEn: 'Japan',
currency: 'JPY',
currencySymbol: '¥',
usdRate: 0.0067,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '大陆法系Civil Law',
regulators: ['FSA金融厅', 'BOJ日本银行', '国土交通省'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 6.0, avg: 4.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 6.5, avg: 4.5 },
industrialCapRate: { min: 4.5, max: 7.0, avg: 5.5 },
priceUnit: 'JPY/m²',
landTenure: '永久产权(土地与建筑分离登记)',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买,无限制',
stampDuty: {
acquisitionTax: '不动产取得税3%(土地)/ 4%(建筑)',
registrationTax: '登记许可税0.4-2%',
fixedAssetTax: '年度固定资产税1.4%'
},
cities: {
'Tokyo东京': {
priceRange: '500,000-2,000,000 JPY/m²23区',
capRate: '3.0-4.5%',
areas: '港区/千代田区最贵,足立区/葛饰区较便宜'
},
'Osaka大阪': { priceRange: '200,000-800,000 JPY/m²', capRate: '4.0-5.5%' },
'Kyoto京都': { priceRange: '200,000-700,000 JPY/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%', special: '町家machiya特殊估值' },
'Fukuoka福冈': { priceRange: '150,000-500,000 JPY/m²', capRate: '4.5-6.0%' },
'Sapporo札幌': { priceRange: '100,000-350,000 JPY/m²', capRate: '5.0-7.0%' }
},
valuationMethods: ['取引事例比較法(市场比较法)', '収益還元法(收益法)', '原価法(成本法)'],
keyFactors: ['建筑年限(築年数)', '耐震基准1981年新旧基准', '地震风险评级', '最寄り駅(最近车站)距离', '日照权', '容积率/建蔽率']
},
intellectualProperty: {
copyrightTerm: '作者终身+70年',
patentTerm: '20年',
trademarkTerm: '10年可续期',
registrationBody: '特許庁JPO',
valuationApproach: '收益法、市场法',
specialFeature: '动漫/游戏IP全球最发达市场之一肖像权パブリシティ権保护完善'
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '23.2%(国税)+ 地方税有效约30-34%',
incomeTax: '5-45%(国税累进)+ 地方税10%',
vatGst: '消费税10%食品等8%',
capitalGainsTax: '20.315%(证券)/ 39.63%(不动产短期)/ 20.315%(不动产长期)',
inheritanceTax: '10-55%(累进)'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'JP',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '艺术品', '企业权益', '数字资产'],
regulatoryNotes: 'FSA已建立虚拟资产交易所注册制度RWA代币化监管框架逐步完善'
}
},
KR: {
name: '韩国',
nameEn: 'South Korea',
currency: 'KRW',
currencySymbol: '₩',
usdRate: 0.00075,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '大陆法系Civil Law',
regulators: ['FSC金融委员会', 'FSS金融监督院', '国土交通部'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 2.0, max: 4.5, avg: 3.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 6.0, avg: 4.5 },
priceUnit: 'KRW/m²',
landTenure: '永久产权',
foreignOwnership: '可购买,需向市/郡/区申报',
stampDuty: {
acquisitionTax: '취득세取得税1-12%(根据价格和用途)',
propertyTax: '재산세财产税0.1-0.4%',
comprehensiveRealEstateTax: '종합부동산세综合不动产税0.5-5%(超过一定价值)'
},
cities: {
'Seoul首尔': {
priceRange: '8,000,000-30,000,000 KRW/m²江南区',
capRate: '2.0-3.5%',
areas: '江南/瑞草/松坡最贵,道峰/中浪/金川较便宜'
},
'Busan釜山': { priceRange: '3,000,000-10,000,000 KRW/m²', capRate: '3.0-5.0%' },
'Incheon仁川': { priceRange: '2,500,000-8,000,000 KRW/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.5%' }
},
specialFeature: '全税制度Jeonse/전세租客支付大额押金房价50-80%),无月租,押金到期全额退还',
valuationMethods: ['거래사례비교법(市场比较法)', '수익환원법(收益法)', '원가법(成本法)'],
keyFactors: ['全税vs月租', '地铁距离', '学区(学军)', '重建/再开发预期', '容积率']
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '9-24%(累进)',
incomeTax: '6-45%(累进)+ 地方所得税10%',
vatGst: 'VAT 10%',
capitalGainsTax: '不动产6-75%根据持有期和套数证券20-25%2025年起',
inheritanceTax: '10-50%(累进)'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'KR',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '娱乐资产', '企业权益'],
regulatoryNotes: 'FSC对虚拟资产实施严格监管VASP注册制度已实施'
}
},
AU: {
name: '澳大利亚',
nameEn: 'Australia',
currency: 'AUD',
currencySymbol: 'A$',
usdRate: 0.65,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '普通法系Common Law',
regulators: ['ASIC', 'APRA', 'RBA', 'FIRB外国投资审查委员会'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 6.0, avg: 4.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.0 },
industrialCapRate: { min: 4.5, max: 7.5, avg: 5.5 },
priceUnit: 'AUD/m²',
landTenure: '永久产权Freehold或皇权土地Crown Land',
foreignOwnership: '需FIRB审批新建房产通常可购二手房受限',
stampDuty: {
transferDuty: '印花税因州而异1.25-7%(累进)',
foreignSurcharge: '外籍人士附加印花税4-8%(因州而异)',
landTax: '年度土地税0.2-2.25%(因州而异)'
},
cities: {
'Sydney悉尼': { priceRange: '8,000-25,000 AUD/m²', capRate: '2.5-4.0%', foreignSurcharge: '8%' },
'Melbourne墨尔本': { priceRange: '6,000-18,000 AUD/m²', capRate: '2.8-4.5%', foreignSurcharge: '8%' },
'Brisbane布里斯班': { priceRange: '5,000-12,000 AUD/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.5%', foreignSurcharge: '7%' },
'Perth珀斯': { priceRange: '4,000-10,000 AUD/m²', capRate: '4.0-6.0%', foreignSurcharge: '7%' }
},
valuationMethods: ['市场比较法(主要)', '收益资本化法', '成本法'],
keyFactors: ['FIRB审批要求', '外籍附加印花税', '土地税', '学区', '海景溢价', '建筑质量']
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '30%(大企业)/ 25%(小企业)',
incomeTax: '0-45%(累进)',
vatGst: 'GST 10%',
capitalGainsTax: '按所得税率持有超12个月享50%折扣',
inheritanceTax: '无遗产税(联邦层面)'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'AU',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '企业权益', '自然资源', '农业资产'],
regulatoryNotes: 'ASIC对数字资产监管框架逐步完善RWA代币化监管指引已发布'
}
},
AE: {
name: '阿联酋',
nameEn: 'United Arab Emirates',
currency: 'AED',
currencySymbol: 'AED',
usdRate: 0.2723,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '混合法系(伊斯兰法+大陆法+普通法)',
regulators: ['CBUAE央行', 'SCA证监会', 'DIFC迪拜国际金融中心', 'ADGM阿布扎比全球市场', 'VARA虚拟资产监管局'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 9.0, avg: 6.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 6.0, max: 10.0, avg: 7.5 },
industrialCapRate: { min: 7.0, max: 11.0, avg: 8.5 },
priceUnit: 'AED/sqft',
landTenure: '外籍人士只能在指定Freehold区域购买',
foreignOwnership: '在Freehold区域可自由购买无国籍限制',
stampDuty: {
registrationFee: '迪拜土地局登记费4%买卖双方各2%',
agencyFee: '中介费通常2%',
noAnnualPropertyTax: '无年度财产税'
},
emirates: {
'Dubai迪拜': {
freeholdAreas: ['Downtown Dubai', 'Dubai Marina', 'Palm Jumeirah', 'Business Bay', 'JBR', 'DIFC'],
priceRange: '800-5,000 AED/sqft',
capRate: '5.0-8.0%',
rentalYield: '6-9%(全球最高之一)'
},
'Abu Dhabi阿布扎比': {
freeholdAreas: ['Yas Island', 'Saadiyat Island', 'Al Reem Island', 'Masdar City'],
priceRange: '700-3,000 AED/sqft',
capRate: '5.5-8.5%'
},
'Sharjah沙迦': { priceRange: '400-1,200 AED/sqft', capRate: '6.0-9.0%' }
},
valuationMethods: ['市场比较法', '收益资本化法', '成本法'],
keyFactors: ['Freehold vs Leasehold', '辖区Emirate', '开发商品牌', '设施配套', '黄金签证资格200万AED+']
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '9%2023年起利润超375,000 AED',
incomeTax: '个人所得税:无',
vatGst: 'VAT 5%',
capitalGainsTax: '无',
inheritanceTax: '无(非穆斯林遗产可能适用伊斯兰继承法)'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'AE',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '企业权益', '数字资产', '大宗商品'],
regulatoryNotes: 'VARA是全球首个专门的虚拟资产监管机构DIFC/ADGM提供完善的RWA代币化法律框架'
}
},
CA: {
name: '加拿大',
nameEn: 'Canada',
currency: 'CAD',
currencySymbol: 'C$',
usdRate: 0.74,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '普通法系(魁北克为大陆法系)',
regulators: ['OSFI', 'CSA证券监管机构委员会', 'FINTRAC'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 6.0, avg: 4.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.0 },
priceUnit: 'CAD/sqft',
landTenure: '永久产权Freehold',
foreignOwnership: '2023年起禁止非居民购买住宅外国人购房禁令2年内',
stampDuty: {
landTransferTax: '土地转让税1-2.5%(因省而异)',
foreignBuyerTax: '外籍人士附加税20-25%BC省/安省)',
emptyHomeTax: '空置房税1-3%(温哥华/多伦多)'
},
cities: {
'Toronto多伦多': { priceRange: '800-2,500 CAD/sqft', capRate: '3.0-4.5%', foreignTax: '25%' },
'Vancouver温哥华': { priceRange: '900-3,000 CAD/sqft', capRate: '2.5-4.0%', foreignTax: '20%' },
'Montreal蒙特利尔': { priceRange: '400-1,000 CAD/sqft', capRate: '3.5-5.5%', foreignTax: '无' },
'Calgary卡尔加里': { priceRange: '300-700 CAD/sqft', capRate: '4.5-6.5%', foreignTax: '无' }
},
valuationMethods: ['市场比较法', '收益资本化法', '成本法'],
keyFactors: ['外国人购房禁令', '外籍附加税', '空置税', '学区', '地铁距离']
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '联邦15% + 省税有效约26-28%',
incomeTax: '联邦15-33% + 省税总体约20-54%',
vatGst: 'GST 5% + 省税HST/PST',
capitalGainsTax: '50%计入应税所得2024年起超25万CAD部分66.67%计入)',
inheritanceTax: '无遗产税,但视同出售处理'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'CA',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '企业权益', '自然资源'],
regulatoryNotes: 'CSA对数字资产监管逐步完善各省监管框架不统一'
}
},
CN: {
name: '中国大陆',
nameEn: 'China (Mainland)',
currency: 'CNY',
currencySymbol: '¥',
usdRate: 0.138,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '社会主义法系(大陆法系基础)',
regulators: ['人民银行(PBOC)', '证监会(CSRC)', '银保监会(CBIRC)', '自然资源部'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 1.5, max: 3.5, avg: 2.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 6.0, avg: 4.0 },
industrialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.0 },
priceUnit: 'CNY/m²',
landTenure: '土地使用权住宅70年商业40年工业50年到期自动续期',
foreignOwnership: '外籍人士在华工作/学习满1年可购买一套自用住房',
stampDuty: {
contractTax: '契税1-3%首套1%二套1-3%',
vatOnSale: '增值税5%持有2年以上免征',
individualIncomeTax: '个人所得税1%或差额20%',
landValueIncrementTax: '土地增值税30-60%(累进,开发商适用)'
},
tiers: {
'一线城市(北上广深)': {
priceRange: '50,000-200,000 CNY/m²核心区',
capRate: '1.5-2.5%',
purchaseRestriction: '严格限购,需社保/个税记录',
lprRate: '首套LPR-20BP二套LPR+0-60BP'
},
'新一线城市(成都/杭州/武汉等)': {
priceRange: '15,000-50,000 CNY/m²',
capRate: '2.0-3.0%',
purchaseRestriction: '部分限购'
},
'二线城市': {
priceRange: '8,000-25,000 CNY/m²',
capRate: '2.5-4.0%',
purchaseRestriction: '多数已放开限购'
},
'三四线城市': {
priceRange: '3,000-12,000 CNY/m²',
capRate: '3.0-5.0%',
purchaseRestriction: '基本无限购'
}
},
valuationMethods: ['市场比较法', '收益法', '成本法', '假设开发法'],
keyFactors: ['城市能级', '学区房', '地铁沿线', '限购政策', '公积金贷款上限', '容积率', '绿化率']
},
intellectualProperty: {
copyrightTerm: '作者终身+50年',
patentTerm: '20年发明/ 10年实用新型/外观设计)',
trademarkTerm: '10年可续期',
registrationBody: '国家知识产权局(CNIPA)',
valuationApproach: '收益法为主(参考《资产评估准则—无形资产》)',
specialFeature: '数据资产评估标准正在制定中2023年数据资产入表政策'
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '25%高新技术企业15%',
incomeTax: '3-45%(累进)',
vatGst: '增值税6%(服务)/ 9%(不动产)/ 13%(货物)',
capitalGainsTax: '并入所得税个人20%企业25%',
inheritanceTax: '暂无遗产税'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'CN',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '知识产权', '企业权益', '大宗商品', '农业资产', '数据资产'],
regulatoryNotes: '数字人民币e-CNY试点推进RWA代币化需在监管沙盒内进行境外公链受限'
}
},
IL: {
name: '以色列',
nameEn: 'Israel',
currency: 'ILS',
currencySymbol: '₪',
usdRate: 0.27,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '混合法系(普通法+大陆法+宗教法)',
regulators: ['ISA证券局', 'BOI以色列银行', 'CAIF资本市场局'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 2.5, max: 4.5, avg: 3.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.0 },
priceUnit: 'ILS/m²',
landTenure: '93%土地为国有以色列土地局管理私有土地仅7%',
foreignOwnership: '可购买,但土地通常为租约形式',
stampDuty: {
purchaseTax: '购置税0-10%累进外籍人士8-10%',
bettermentLevy: '增值税Betterment Levy50%(土地增值部分)'
},
cities: {
'Tel Aviv特拉维夫': { priceRange: '35,000-80,000 ILS/m²', capRate: '2.5-3.5%' },
'Jerusalem耶路撒冷': { priceRange: '25,000-60,000 ILS/m²', capRate: '2.8-4.0%' },
'Haifa海法': { priceRange: '15,000-35,000 ILS/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' }
},
valuationMethods: ['市场比较法', '收益法', '成本法'],
keyFactors: ['土地所有权国有vs私有', '安全形势', '科技园区溢价', '宗教区域限制']
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '23%',
incomeTax: '10-50%(累进)',
vatGst: 'VAT 17%',
capitalGainsTax: '25%(证券)/ 25%(不动产,有豁免)',
inheritanceTax: '无遗产税'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'IL',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['知识产权', '企业权益', '金融证券', '数字资产', '不动产'],
regulatoryNotes: 'ISA对数字资产监管框架逐步建立科技IP估值全球领先'
}
},
NL: {
name: '荷兰',
nameEn: 'Netherlands',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 1,
legalSystem: '大陆法系Civil Law',
regulators: ['AFM金融市场局', 'DNB荷兰银行'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 5.5, avg: 4.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 6.5, avg: 5.0 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
landTenure: '永久产权或地上权Erfpacht',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买',
stampDuty: {
transferTax: '过户税2%(住宅)/ 10.4%(商业/投资)',
mortgageTax: '无'
},
cities: {
'Amsterdam阿姆斯特丹': { priceRange: '5,000-12,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.0-4.5%', note: '部分土地为Erfpacht地上权' },
'Rotterdam鹿特丹': { priceRange: '3,000-7,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '4.0-5.5%' },
'The Hague海牙': { priceRange: '3,500-8,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' },
'Utrecht乌特勒支': { priceRange: '4,000-9,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' }
},
valuationMethods: ['市场比较法', '收益法', 'DCF法'],
keyFactors: ['Erfpacht地上权需折价', '能效标签Energielabel', '地段', '骑行基础设施']
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '19%首20万EUR/ 25.8%(超出部分)',
incomeTax: '9.32-49.5%(累进)',
vatGst: 'BTW 21%(标准)/ 9%(优惠)',
capitalGainsTax: '无独立资本利得税并入Box 3财富税',
wealthTax: 'Box 3虚拟收益税按资产价值的虚拟收益率征税'
},
nacCompliance: {
gnacs: 'NL',
complianceLevel: 'Tier 1',
supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '企业权益', '环境权益'],
regulatoryNotes: 'AFM对MiCA合规要求严格荷兰是欧洲重要的RWA代币化中心'
}
},
// ============================================================
// TIER 2 - 中等成熟度辖区(核心参数)
// ============================================================
ES: {
name: '西班牙',
nameEn: 'Spain',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['CNMV', 'Banco de España'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 6.0, avg: 4.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.5, max: 7.5, avg: 5.5 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买黄金签证500,000 EUR+',
stampDuty: {
transferTax: 'ITP 6-10%(二手房,因地区而异)',
vatOnNew: 'IVA 10%(新房)',
stampDutyAJD: '0.5-1.5%'
},
cities: {
'Madrid马德里': { priceRange: '3,500-10,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' },
'Barcelona巴塞罗那': { priceRange: '3,500-9,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' },
'Marbella马贝拉': { priceRange: '4,000-15,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.0-4.5%', note: '豪华度假地产' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '25%',
incomeTax: '19-47%(累进)',
vatGst: 'IVA 21%',
capitalGainsTax: '19-28%',
wealthTax: '财富税0.2-3.5%(因地区而异)'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'ES', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
IT: {
name: '意大利',
nameEn: 'Italy',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['CONSOB', 'Banca d\'Italia'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 6.5, avg: 4.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.5, max: 8.0, avg: 6.0 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买部分地区1欧元房屋计划',
stampDuty: {
registrationTax: '登记税2%(主要住所)/ 9%(其他)',
cadastralTax: '地籍税1%',
mortgageTax: '抵押税2%'
},
cities: {
'Milan米兰': { priceRange: '4,000-12,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' },
'Rome罗马': { priceRange: '3,000-10,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.5%' },
'Florence佛罗伦萨': { priceRange: '3,500-9,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%', note: '历史建筑溢价' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: 'IRES 24% + IRAP 3.9%',
incomeTax: '23-43%(累进)',
vatGst: 'IVA 22%',
capitalGainsTax: '26%(证券)/ 不动产按所得税率',
flatTax: '外国人收入统一税100,000 EUR/年(高净值人士)'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'IT', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '艺术品', '知识产权', '企业权益'] }
},
PT: {
name: '葡萄牙',
nameEn: 'Portugal',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['CMVM', 'Banco de Portugal'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 6.5, avg: 5.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 8.0, avg: 6.0 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买(黄金签证已取消不动产选项)',
stampDuty: { imt: 'IMT 0-8%(累进)', stampDuty: '印花税0.8%' },
cities: {
'Lisbon里斯本': { priceRange: '4,000-10,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' },
'Porto波尔图': { priceRange: '2,500-6,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '4.0-6.0%' },
'Algarve阿尔加维': { priceRange: '2,000-8,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '4.0-6.0%', note: '旅游度假地产' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: 'IRC 21%',
incomeTax: '14.5-48%(累进)',
vatGst: 'IVA 23%',
capitalGainsTax: '28%(证券)/ 不动产50%计入所得',
nhrRegime: 'NHR制度非惯常居民外国来源收入10年内免税或低税'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'PT', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '企业权益', '金融证券'] }
},
SE: {
name: '瑞典',
nameEn: 'Sweden',
currency: 'SEK',
currencySymbol: 'kr',
usdRate: 0.095,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '大陆法系(北欧法系)',
regulators: ['Finansinspektionen', 'Riksbank'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 2.5, max: 5.0, avg: 3.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 6.5, avg: 5.0 },
priceUnit: 'SEK/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买',
stampDuty: { stampDuty: '印花税1.5%(个人)/ 4.25%(公司)' },
cities: {
'Stockholm斯德哥尔摩': { priceRange: '60,000-150,000 SEK/m²', capRate: '2.5-3.5%' },
'Gothenburg哥德堡': { priceRange: '35,000-80,000 SEK/m²', capRate: '3.0-4.5%' },
'Malmö马尔默': { priceRange: '25,000-60,000 SEK/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '20.6%',
incomeTax: '32-57%(含地方税)',
vatGst: 'MOMS 25%(标准)',
capitalGainsTax: '30%(证券)/ 22%(不动产)',
wealthTax: '已废除2007年'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'SE', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益', '环境权益'] }
},
NO: {
name: '挪威',
nameEn: 'Norway',
currency: 'NOK',
currencySymbol: 'kr',
usdRate: 0.093,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '大陆法系(北欧法系)',
regulators: ['Finanstilsynet', 'Norges Bank'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 5.5, avg: 4.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.0 },
priceUnit: 'NOK/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买EEA公民非EEA需申请',
cities: {
'Oslo奥斯陆': { priceRange: '70,000-150,000 NOK/m²', capRate: '3.0-4.5%' },
'Bergen卑尔根': { priceRange: '40,000-90,000 NOK/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.5%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '22%',
incomeTax: '22-47.4%(含附加税)',
vatGst: 'MVA 25%',
capitalGainsTax: '22%(证券)/ 22%(不动产)',
wealthTax: '财富税1%超过170万NOK'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'NO', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '自然资源', '环境权益'] }
},
DK: {
name: '丹麦',
nameEn: 'Denmark',
currency: 'DKK',
currencySymbol: 'kr',
usdRate: 0.145,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '大陆法系(北欧法系)',
regulators: ['Finanstilsynet', 'Danmarks Nationalbank'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 5.5, avg: 4.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.0 },
priceUnit: 'DKK/m²',
foreignOwnership: '非EU/EEA公民购买受限需居住满5年',
cities: {
'Copenhagen哥本哈根': { priceRange: '35,000-80,000 DKK/m²', capRate: '3.0-4.5%' },
'Aarhus奥胡斯': { priceRange: '20,000-45,000 DKK/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.5%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '22%',
incomeTax: '37-55.9%(含地方税)',
vatGst: 'MOMS 25%',
capitalGainsTax: '27-42%(证券)/ 不动产按所得税率'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'DK', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益', '环境权益'] }
},
FI: {
name: '芬兰',
nameEn: 'Finland',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '大陆法系(北欧法系)',
regulators: ['FIN-FSA', 'Bank of Finland'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 6.0, avg: 4.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.5, max: 7.5, avg: 5.5 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买Åland群岛受限',
cities: {
'Helsinki赫尔辛基': { priceRange: '4,000-9,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' },
'Tampere坦佩雷': { priceRange: '2,500-5,500 EUR/m²', capRate: '4.0-6.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '20%',
incomeTax: '25-51.5%(含地方税)',
vatGst: 'ALV 24%',
capitalGainsTax: '30-34%'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'FI', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
AT: {
name: '奥地利',
nameEn: 'Austria',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['FMA', 'OeNB'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 2.5, max: 5.0, avg: 3.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 6.5, avg: 4.5 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '非EU公民购买受限因州而异',
cities: {
'Vienna维也纳': { priceRange: '4,000-12,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '2.5-3.5%' },
'Salzburg萨尔茨堡': { priceRange: '4,500-10,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '2.8-4.0%' },
'Innsbruck因斯布鲁克': { priceRange: '4,000-9,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.0-4.5%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '24%2023年起',
incomeTax: '0-55%(累进)',
vatGst: 'USt 20%',
capitalGainsTax: '27.5%(证券)/ 30%(不动产)'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'AT', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
BE: {
name: '比利时',
nameEn: 'Belgium',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['FSMA', 'NBB'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 5.5, avg: 4.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.0 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买',
cities: {
'Brussels布鲁塞尔': { priceRange: '2,500-6,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' },
'Antwerp安特卫普': { priceRange: '2,000-5,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.5%' },
'Ghent根特': { priceRange: '2,000-4,500 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.5%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '25%',
incomeTax: '25-50%(累进)',
vatGst: 'BTW 21%',
capitalGainsTax: '证券通常免税(专业投资者除外)/ 不动产16.5%5年内出售'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'BE', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
LU: {
name: '卢森堡',
nameEn: 'Luxembourg',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['CSSF', 'BCL'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 2.0, max: 4.0, avg: 3.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 6.0, avg: 4.5 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买',
cities: {
'Luxembourg City卢森堡市': { priceRange: '7,000-15,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '2.5-3.5%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '17%利润超20万EUR',
incomeTax: '0-42%(累进)',
vatGst: 'TVA 17%(欧盟最低之一)',
capitalGainsTax: '证券持有6个月以上免税 / 不动产按所得税率',
specialFeature: '欧洲重要的基金中心UCITS/AIF基金注册地'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'LU', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['金融证券', '企业权益', '不动产', '知识产权'] }
},
IE: {
name: '爱尔兰',
nameEn: 'Ireland',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '普通法系',
regulators: ['CBI爱尔兰央行', 'CRO'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 5.5, avg: 4.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.0 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买',
cities: {
'Dublin都柏林': { priceRange: '4,000-9,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.0-4.5%' },
'Cork科克': { priceRange: '2,500-5,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.5%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '12.5%(贸易收入)/ 25%(非贸易收入)',
incomeTax: '20-40%(累进)',
vatGst: 'VAT 23%',
capitalGainsTax: '33%',
specialFeature: '欧洲科技公司总部首选地Apple/Google/Meta/Microsoft'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'IE', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['知识产权', '企业权益', '金融证券', '不动产'] }
},
// ============================================================
// TIER 3 - 新兴辖区(基础参数)
// ============================================================
MY: {
name: '马来西亚',
nameEn: 'Malaysia',
currency: 'MYR',
currencySymbol: 'RM',
usdRate: 0.225,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '普通法系',
regulators: ['SC证券委员会', 'BNM国家银行', 'NAPIC'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 6.5, avg: 5.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 8.0, avg: 6.5 },
priceUnit: 'MYR/sqft',
foreignOwnership: '外籍人士最低购买价格100万MYR吉隆坡/ 200万MYR槟城',
stampDuty: { transferTax: '印花税1-4%(累进)', foreignTax: '无额外外籍税' },
cities: {
'Kuala Lumpur吉隆坡': { priceRange: '500-2,000 MYR/sqft', capRate: '4.0-6.0%' },
'Penang槟城': { priceRange: '400-1,500 MYR/sqft', capRate: '4.0-6.0%' },
'Johor Bahru新山': { priceRange: '300-900 MYR/sqft', capRate: '4.5-7.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '24%',
incomeTax: '0-30%(累进)',
vatGst: 'SST 6%(服务税)/ 10%(销售税)',
capitalGainsTax: 'RPGT 不动产利得税5-30%(根据持有期)'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'MY', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益', '数字资产'] }
},
TH: {
name: '泰国',
nameEn: 'Thailand',
currency: 'THB',
currencySymbol: '฿',
usdRate: 0.028,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['SEC证券交易委员会', 'BOT泰国银行', 'REIC'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 8.0, avg: 5.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 9.0, avg: 6.5 },
priceUnit: 'THB/m²',
foreignOwnership: '外籍人士只能购买公寓整栋建筑外籍持有上限49%),不能购买土地',
stampDuty: {
transferFee: '过户费2%',
specificBusinessTax: '特定商业税3.3%持有5年以下',
withholdingTax: '预扣税1%(个人)'
},
cities: {
'Bangkok曼谷': { priceRange: '80,000-300,000 THB/m²市中心', capRate: '4.0-6.0%' },
'Phuket普吉岛': { priceRange: '60,000-200,000 THB/m²', capRate: '5.0-8.0%', note: '旅游地产' },
'Chiang Mai清迈': { priceRange: '30,000-100,000 THB/m²', capRate: '5.0-8.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '20%',
incomeTax: '0-35%(累进)',
vatGst: 'VAT 7%',
capitalGainsTax: '并入所得税(个人)/ 20%(公司)'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'TH', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产(公寓)', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
ID: {
name: '印度尼西亚',
nameEn: 'Indonesia',
currency: 'IDR',
currencySymbol: 'Rp',
usdRate: 0.000064,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '大陆法系(荷兰法律影响)',
regulators: ['OJK金融服务局', 'BI印尼银行', 'BPN国家土地局'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 8.0, avg: 6.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 10.0, avg: 7.0 },
priceUnit: 'IDR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '外籍人士只能持有"使用权Hak Pakai"不能持有所有权Hak Milik',
cities: {
'Jakarta雅加达': { priceRange: '20,000,000-100,000,000 IDR/m²市中心', capRate: '5.0-8.0%' },
'Bali巴厘岛': { priceRange: '15,000,000-80,000,000 IDR/m²', capRate: '5.0-9.0%', note: '旅游地产' },
'Surabaya泗水': { priceRange: '10,000,000-40,000,000 IDR/m²', capRate: '5.5-8.5%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '22%',
incomeTax: '5-35%(累进)',
vatGst: 'PPN 11%',
capitalGainsTax: '不动产2.5%(最终税)'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'ID', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产(使用权)', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
IN: {
name: '印度',
nameEn: 'India',
currency: 'INR',
currencySymbol: '₹',
usdRate: 0.012,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '普通法系(英国法律影响)',
regulators: ['SEBI证券交易委员会', 'RBI印度储备银行', 'MCA'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 2.5, max: 5.0, avg: 3.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 6.0, max: 10.0, avg: 8.0 },
priceUnit: 'INR/sqft',
foreignOwnership: '外籍人士NRI/PIO除外不能购买不动产需通过FDI路径',
cities: {
'Mumbai孟买': { priceRange: '20,000-100,000 INR/sqft南孟买', capRate: '2.5-4.0%' },
'Delhi NCR德里': { priceRange: '8,000-50,000 INR/sqft', capRate: '3.0-5.0%' },
'Bangalore班加罗尔': { priceRange: '6,000-25,000 INR/sqft', capRate: '3.5-5.5%' },
'Hyderabad海得拉巴': { priceRange: '5,000-20,000 INR/sqft', capRate: '3.5-6.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '22%(国内公司)/ 40%(外国公司)',
incomeTax: '0-30%(累进)',
vatGst: 'GST 5-28%(分级)',
capitalGainsTax: '短期15%长期10%(证券)/ 短期30%长期20%(不动产)',
tds: 'TDS预扣税制度'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'IN', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['金融证券', '知识产权', '企业权益', '大宗商品'] }
},
BR: {
name: '巴西',
nameEn: 'Brazil',
currency: 'BRL',
currencySymbol: 'R$',
usdRate: 0.20,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['CVM证券委员会', 'BCB巴西央行', 'COFECI'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 10.0, avg: 7.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 7.0, max: 12.0, avg: 9.0 },
priceUnit: 'BRL/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可购买,但农村土地受限',
cities: {
'São Paulo圣保罗': { priceRange: '8,000-30,000 BRL/m²', capRate: '6.0-9.0%' },
'Rio de Janeiro里约热内卢': { priceRange: '7,000-25,000 BRL/m²', capRate: '6.0-9.0%' },
'Brasília巴西利亚': { priceRange: '5,000-15,000 BRL/m²', capRate: '6.0-10.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: 'IRPJ 15% + CSLL 9% + 附加税10% = 约34%',
incomeTax: '0-27.5%(累进)',
vatGst: '多层税ICMS/ISS/PIS/COFINS约15-35%',
capitalGainsTax: '15-22.5%(累进)'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'BR', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益', '农业资产'] }
},
MX: {
name: '墨西哥',
nameEn: 'Mexico',
currency: 'MXN',
currencySymbol: '$',
usdRate: 0.058,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['CNBV银行证券委员会', 'Banxico', 'INFONAVIT'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 10.0, avg: 7.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 7.0, max: 12.0, avg: 9.0 },
priceUnit: 'MXN/m²',
foreignOwnership: '边境/海岸50公里内需通过Fideicomiso信托持有其他地区可直接购买',
cities: {
'Mexico City墨西哥城': { priceRange: '30,000-100,000 MXN/m²', capRate: '5.0-8.0%' },
'Monterrey蒙特雷': { priceRange: '20,000-60,000 MXN/m²', capRate: '6.0-9.0%' },
'Cancún坎昆': { priceRange: '25,000-80,000 MXN/m²', capRate: '6.0-10.0%', note: '旅游地产' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: 'ISR 30%',
incomeTax: '1.92-35%(累进)',
vatGst: 'IVA 16%',
capitalGainsTax: '不动产25%或35%净收益)'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'MX', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
ZA: {
name: '南非',
nameEn: 'South Africa',
currency: 'ZAR',
currencySymbol: 'R',
usdRate: 0.055,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '混合法系(罗马-荷兰法+英国普通法)',
regulators: ['FSCA金融部门行为局', 'SARB南非储备银行', 'PPRA'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 6.0, max: 10.0, avg: 8.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 7.0, max: 12.0, avg: 9.0 },
priceUnit: 'ZAR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买',
cities: {
'Cape Town开普敦': { priceRange: '20,000-80,000 ZAR/m²', capRate: '6.0-9.0%' },
'Johannesburg约翰内斯堡': { priceRange: '15,000-50,000 ZAR/m²', capRate: '7.0-10.0%' },
'Durban德班': { priceRange: '10,000-35,000 ZAR/m²', capRate: '7.0-11.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '27%',
incomeTax: '18-45%(累进)',
vatGst: 'VAT 15%',
capitalGainsTax: '个人18%公司22.4%(含率)'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'ZA', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '自然资源', '企业权益'] }
},
SA: {
name: '沙特阿拉伯',
nameEn: 'Saudi Arabia',
currency: 'SAR',
currencySymbol: 'SAR',
usdRate: 0.2667,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '伊斯兰法(沙里亚)',
regulators: ['CMA资本市场局', 'SAMA货币局', 'REGA不动产总局'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 8.0, avg: 6.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 9.0, avg: 7.0 },
priceUnit: 'SAR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '外籍人士在指定区域可购买Vision 2030政策放开',
cities: {
'Riyadh利雅得': { priceRange: '3,000-15,000 SAR/m²', capRate: '5.0-8.0%' },
'Jeddah吉达': { priceRange: '2,500-12,000 SAR/m²', capRate: '5.0-8.0%' },
'NEOM未来城市': { priceRange: '开发中', capRate: '待定', note: 'Vision 2030重点项目' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '20%(外资企业)/ 扎卡特2.5%(沙特/GCC公民',
incomeTax: '个人所得税:无(沙特公民)',
vatGst: 'VAT 15%2020年起',
capitalGainsTax: '不动产增值税5%'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'SA', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益', '大宗商品'] }
},
TR: {
name: '土耳其',
nameEn: 'Turkey',
currency: 'TRY',
currencySymbol: '₺',
usdRate: 0.031,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['SPK资本市场委员会', 'BDDK银行监管局', 'TKGM地籍总局'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 10.0, avg: 7.0 },
priceUnit: 'USD/m²通常以美元计价',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买黄金签证400,000 USD+可申请土耳其国籍)',
cities: {
'Istanbul伊斯坦布尔': { priceRange: '1,500-8,000 USD/m²', capRate: '4.0-7.0%' },
'Ankara安卡拉': { priceRange: '800-3,000 USD/m²', capRate: '4.5-8.0%' },
'Antalya安塔利亚': { priceRange: '1,000-4,000 USD/m²', capRate: '5.0-9.0%', note: '旅游地产' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '25%',
incomeTax: '15-40%(累进)',
vatGst: 'KDV 20%(标准)',
capitalGainsTax: '不动产持有5年以上免税'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'TR', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
PL: {
name: '波兰',
nameEn: 'Poland',
currency: 'PLN',
currencySymbol: 'zł',
usdRate: 0.25,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['KNF金融监督委员会', 'NBP波兰国家银行'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 8.0, avg: 6.5 },
priceUnit: 'PLN/m²',
foreignOwnership: 'EU公民可自由购买非EU公民需申请许可',
cities: {
'Warsaw华沙': { priceRange: '12,000-25,000 PLN/m²', capRate: '4.5-6.5%' },
'Kraków克拉科夫': { priceRange: '10,000-20,000 PLN/m²', capRate: '4.5-7.0%' },
'Wrocław弗罗茨瓦夫': { priceRange: '9,000-18,000 PLN/m²', capRate: '5.0-7.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: 'CIT 19%小企业9%',
incomeTax: '12-32%(累进)',
vatGst: 'VAT 23%',
capitalGainsTax: '19%(统一税率)'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'PL', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
CZ: {
name: '捷克',
nameEn: 'Czech Republic',
currency: 'CZK',
currencySymbol: 'Kč',
usdRate: 0.044,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['CNB捷克国家银行', 'ČNB'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 6.5, avg: 5.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.5, max: 7.5, avg: 6.0 },
priceUnit: 'CZK/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买EU成员国',
cities: {
'Prague布拉格': { priceRange: '100,000-200,000 CZK/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.5%' },
'Brno布尔诺': { priceRange: '60,000-120,000 CZK/m²', capRate: '4.0-6.5%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '21%',
incomeTax: '15-23%(累进)',
vatGst: 'DPH 21%',
capitalGainsTax: '15%持有超3年不动产免税'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'CZ', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
HU: {
name: '匈牙利',
nameEn: 'Hungary',
currency: 'HUF',
currencySymbol: 'Ft',
usdRate: 0.0028,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['MNB匈牙利国家银行', 'MNB金融监管部门'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 8.5, avg: 6.5 },
priceUnit: 'HUF/m²',
foreignOwnership: 'EU公民可自由购买非EU公民需申请',
cities: {
'Budapest布达佩斯': { priceRange: '600,000-1,500,000 HUF/m²', capRate: '4.0-6.5%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '9%(欧盟最低)',
incomeTax: '15%(统一税率)',
vatGst: 'ÁFA 27%(欧盟最高)',
capitalGainsTax: '15%'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'HU', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
RO: {
name: '罗马尼亚',
nameEn: 'Romania',
currency: 'RON',
currencySymbol: 'lei',
usdRate: 0.22,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['ASF金融监督局', 'BNR罗马尼亚国家银行'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 9.0, avg: 7.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 6.5, max: 10.0, avg: 8.0 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²通常以欧元计价',
foreignOwnership: 'EU公民可自由购买非EU公民购买农业用地受限',
cities: {
'Bucharest布加勒斯特': { priceRange: '1,500-3,500 EUR/m²', capRate: '5.5-8.0%' },
'Cluj-Napoca克卢日': { priceRange: '1,500-3,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '5.5-8.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '16%',
incomeTax: '10%(统一税率)',
vatGst: 'TVA 19%',
capitalGainsTax: '10%(不动产)'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'RO', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
GR: {
name: '希腊',
nameEn: 'Greece',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 3,
legalSystem: '大陆法系',
regulators: ['HCMC资本市场委员会', 'Bank of Greece'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 7.0, avg: 5.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 9.0, avg: 6.5 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买黄金签证250,000 EUR+',
cities: {
'Athens雅典': { priceRange: '1,500-5,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '4.0-7.0%' },
'Thessaloniki塞萨洛尼基': { priceRange: '1,000-3,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '4.5-7.5%' },
'Mykonos/Santorini岛屿': { priceRange: '3,000-15,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-6.0%', note: '旅游地产' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '22%',
incomeTax: '9-44%(累进)',
vatGst: 'ΦΠΑ 24%',
capitalGainsTax: '15%(不动产)',
flatTax: '外国高净值人士统一税100,000 EUR/年'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'GR', complianceLevel: 'Tier 3', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益'] }
},
NZ: {
name: '新西兰',
nameEn: 'New Zealand',
currency: 'NZD',
currencySymbol: 'NZ$',
usdRate: 0.61,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '普通法系',
regulators: ['FMA金融市场局', 'RBNZ储备银行', 'LINZ土地信息局'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.0, max: 6.0, avg: 4.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 4.5, max: 7.5, avg: 5.5 },
priceUnit: 'NZD/m²',
foreignOwnership: '2018年起外籍人士禁止购买住宅澳洲公民除外',
cities: {
'Auckland奥克兰': { priceRange: '8,000-25,000 NZD/m²', capRate: '3.0-4.5%' },
'Wellington惠灵顿': { priceRange: '7,000-18,000 NZD/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.0%' },
'Christchurch基督城': { priceRange: '5,000-12,000 NZD/m²', capRate: '4.0-6.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '28%',
incomeTax: '10.5-39%(累进)',
vatGst: 'GST 15%',
capitalGainsTax: '无持有超10年亮灯测试豁免',
brightLineTest: '亮灯测试10年内出售需缴纳所得税'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'NZ', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '企业权益', '农业资产'] }
},
TW: {
name: '台湾',
nameEn: 'Taiwan',
currency: 'TWD',
currencySymbol: 'NT$',
usdRate: 0.031,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '大陆法系(德国/日本法律影响)',
regulators: ['FSC金融监督管理委员会', 'CBC中央银行', '内政部地政司'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 1.5, max: 3.5, avg: 2.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 2.5, max: 5.0, avg: 3.5 },
priceUnit: 'TWD/坪1坪=3.3m²)',
foreignOwnership: '外籍人士可购买,但土地所有权受限(需互惠原则)',
cities: {
'Taipei台北': { priceRange: '600,000-2,000,000 TWD/坪', capRate: '1.5-2.5%' },
'New Taipei新北': { priceRange: '300,000-900,000 TWD/坪', capRate: '2.0-3.5%' },
'Taichung台中': { priceRange: '200,000-600,000 TWD/坪', capRate: '2.5-4.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '20%',
incomeTax: '5-40%(累进)',
vatGst: '营业税5%',
capitalGainsTax: '房地合一税2.0持有2年以内45%2-5年35%5-10年20%10年以上15%'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'TW', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['不动产', '金融证券', '知识产权', '企业权益'] }
},
// ============================================================
// 离岸金融中心
// ============================================================
KY: {
name: '开曼群岛',
nameEn: 'Cayman Islands',
currency: 'KYD',
currencySymbol: 'KY$',
usdRate: 1.20,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '普通法系(英国法律影响)',
regulators: ['CIMA货币局'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 4.0, max: 7.0, avg: 5.5 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 8.0, avg: 6.5 },
priceUnit: 'USD/sqft',
foreignOwnership: '可自由购买',
cities: {
'Grand Cayman大开曼': { priceRange: '500-2,000 USD/sqft', capRate: '4.0-7.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '无',
incomeTax: '无',
vatGst: '无',
capitalGainsTax: '无',
specialFeature: '全球重要的离岸金融中心,基金注册地'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'KY', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['金融证券', '企业权益', '不动产', '数字资产'] }
},
VG: {
name: '英属维尔京群岛',
nameEn: 'British Virgin Islands',
currency: 'USD',
currencySymbol: '$',
usdRate: 1.0,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '普通法系',
regulators: ['FSC金融服务委员会'],
taxation: {
corporateTax: '无',
incomeTax: '无',
vatGst: '无',
capitalGainsTax: '无',
specialFeature: '全球最重要的离岸公司注册地之一'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'VG', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['企业权益', '金融证券', '数字资产'] }
},
MT: {
name: '马耳他',
nameEn: 'Malta',
currency: 'EUR',
currencySymbol: '€',
usdRate: 1.09,
tier: 2,
legalSystem: '混合法系(大陆法+英国普通法)',
regulators: ['MFSA金融服务局'],
realEstate: {
residentialCapRate: { min: 3.5, max: 6.5, avg: 5.0 },
commercialCapRate: { min: 5.0, max: 8.0, avg: 6.5 },
priceUnit: 'EUR/m²',
foreignOwnership: '可购买非EU公民需AIP许可黄金签证300,000-350,000 EUR',
cities: {
'Valletta瓦莱塔': { priceRange: '3,000-8,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '3.5-5.5%' },
'Sliema/St. Julian\'s': { priceRange: '3,500-9,000 EUR/m²', capRate: '4.0-6.0%' }
}
},
taxation: {
corporateTax: '35%退税后有效税率5-10%',
incomeTax: '0-35%(累进)',
vatGst: 'VAT 18%',
capitalGainsTax: '12%(不动产)',
specialFeature: 'EU成员国数字资产监管框架完善VFA法案'
},
nacCompliance: { gnacs: 'MT', complianceLevel: 'Tier 2', supportedAssets: ['数字资产', '金融证券', '不动产', '企业权益'] }
}
};
// ============================================================
// 辖区查询函数
// ============================================================
function getJurisdiction(code) {
return JURISDICTION_KB[code.toUpperCase()] || null;
}
function getAllJurisdictions() {
return Object.keys(JURISDICTION_KB).map(code => ({
code,
name: JURISDICTION_KB[code].name,
nameEn: JURISDICTION_KB[code].nameEn,
currency: JURISDICTION_KB[code].currency,
tier: JURISDICTION_KB[code].tier
}));
}
function getTier1Jurisdictions() {
return getAllJurisdictions().filter(j => j.tier === 1);
}
function searchJurisdiction(query) {
const q = query.toLowerCase();
return Object.entries(JURISDICTION_KB).filter(([code, data]) => {
return data.name.includes(query) ||
data.nameEn.toLowerCase().includes(q) ||
code.toLowerCase().includes(q);
}).map(([code, data]) => ({ code, ...data }));
}
function getJurisdictionRealEstateParams(code) {
const j = JURISDICTION_KB[code.toUpperCase()];
if (!j || !j.realEstate) return null;
return {
jurisdiction: j.name,
currency: j.currency,
usdRate: j.usdRate,
...j.realEstate
};
}
function getJurisdictionTaxSummary(code) {
const j = JURISDICTION_KB[code.toUpperCase()];
if (!j || !j.taxation) return null;
return {
jurisdiction: j.name,
...j.taxation
};
}
function compareJurisdictions(codes, assetType) {
return codes.map(code => {
const j = JURISDICTION_KB[code.toUpperCase()];
if (!j) return null;
const result = {
code,
name: j.name,
currency: j.currency,
tier: j.tier
};
if (assetType === 'realEstate' && j.realEstate) {
result.capRate = j.realEstate.residentialCapRate;
result.foreignOwnership = j.realEstate.foreignOwnership;
result.stampDuty = j.realEstate.stampDuty;
}
if (j.taxation) {
result.corporateTax = j.taxation.corporateTax;
result.capitalGainsTax = j.taxation.capitalGainsTax;
}
if (j.nacCompliance) {
result.complianceLevel = j.nacCompliance.complianceLevel;
result.regulatoryNotes = j.nacCompliance.regulatoryNotes;
}
return result;
}).filter(Boolean);
}
module.exports = {
JURISDICTION_KB,
getJurisdiction,
getAllJurisdictions,
getTier1Jurisdictions,
searchJurisdiction,
getJurisdictionRealEstateParams,
getJurisdictionTaxSummary,
compareJurisdictions
};