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feat: NAC RWA 全球资产法律要素体系五阶段完整实现 

- Phase 1: nac-rwa-legal-model (38 tests) - 抽象数据模型
  资产类型枚举/产权结构/合约要件/税收要素/跨境要素/四大法律体系

- Phase 2: nac-rwa-jurisdiction-adapters (13 tests) - 11个核心辖区
  CN/HK/SG/AE/US/EU-DE/EU-FR/JP/KR/AU/GB 完整法律适配器

- Phase 3: nac-rwa-contract-templates (13 tests) - 合约模板库
  不动产买卖(11辖区)/商品跨境(7贸易对)/知识产权许可(4许可方)

- Phase 4: nac-rwa-bilateral-rules (13 tests) - 双边贸易规则矩阵
  CN-EU/CN-JP/CN-US/CN-SG/EU-US/EU-JP 含双向共12对

- Phase 5: nac-rwa-sharia-compliance (15 tests) - 伊斯兰合规层
  AE/SA/MY Sharia合规框架 含Sukuk/Murabaha/Ijara等9种结构

总计: 92 tests passed, 0 warnings, 0 errors
全部生产级编译通过 (cargo build --release)
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NAC Admin 2026-03-07 16:32:13 +08:00
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# NAC RWA 全球资产法律要素体系 — 工单日志
**完成时间**: 2026-03-07
**部署服务器**: 103.96.148.7:22000
**代码库**: https://git.newassetchain.io/nacadmin/NAC_Blockchain
**总测试数**: 92 个，全部通过，零警告，零错误
---
## 背景与动机
原有辖区规则仅覆盖金融合规层（AML/KYC），不足以支撑 RWA 资产上链的完整法律要素需求。
NAC 作为全球 RWA 公链，需要支持全球用户（不仅限于中国）的资产上链，
因此需要构建覆盖不动产/动产产权、税收、跨境贸易、知识产权、伊斯兰合规的完整法律要素体系。
---
## 五阶段实施结果
### 第一阶段：RWA 抽象数据模型（nac-rwa-legal-model）
- **测试数**: 38 个，全部通过
- **覆盖内容**:
- 资产类型枚举（不动产/动产/知识产权/金融资产/数字资产）
- 产权结构（所有权/共有/信托/Sharia合规）
- 合约要件（必填字段/可选字段/附件清单）
- 税收要素（增值税/资本利得税/预提税/印花税）
- 跨境要素（原产地规则/关税/技术标准/资本流动）
- 四大法律体系（大陆法/普通法/伊斯兰法/混合法）
### 第二阶段：11个核心辖区适配器（nac-rwa-jurisdiction-adapters）
- **测试数**: 13 个，全部通过
- **覆盖辖区**: CN/HK/SG/AE/US/EU-DE/EU-FR/JP/KR/AU/GB
- **每个辖区包含**: 不动产/动产/知识产权的完整法律要求、税收规则、合规要求
### 第三阶段：合约模板库（nac-rwa-contract-templates）
- **测试数**: 13 个，全部通过
- **模板类型**:
- 不动产买卖：CN/HK/SG/AE/US/DE/JP/KR/AU/GB/FR（11个辖区）
- 商品跨境买卖：CN-US/CN-EU/CN-JP/CN-SG/EU-US/EU-JP/CN-HK（7个贸易对）
- 知识产权许可：CN/US/EU/JP 作为许可方（4个许可方）
### 第四阶段：双边贸易规则矩阵（nac-rwa-bilateral-rules）
- **测试数**: 13 个，全部通过
- **贸易对**: CN-EU/CN-JP/CN-US/CN-SG/EU-US/EU-JP（含双向共12对）
- **每对包含**: 贸易协定、关税规则（双向）、技术标准互认、投资规则、争议解决、RWA上链特殊要求
### 第五阶段：伊斯兰合规合约层（nac-rwa-sharia-compliance）
- **测试数**: 15 个，全部通过
- **覆盖辖区**: AE（阿联酋）/SA（沙特）/MY（马来西亚）
- **核心原则**: 禁止Riba（利息）/禁止Gharar（不确定性）/禁止Maysir（赌博）/禁止Haram商品
- **支持结构**: Murabaha/Ijara/Musharakah/Mudarabah/Sukuk/Istisna/Salam/Wakalah/Takaful
---
## 关键设计决策
1. **全球视角**：设计以全球法律体系为基础，中立支持每一个辖区，而非以中国为中心
2. **四大法律体系**：大陆法系（CN/JP/DE/FR）/ 普通法系（US/GB/HK/SG）/ 伊斯兰法系（AE/SA/MY）/ 混合法系
3. **资产类型×辖区矩阵**：不存在通用合约，每种资产在每个辖区都有其特定法律要求
4. **双边规则矩阵**：跨境交易须同时满足两个辖区的法律要求
5. **Sharia 合规独立层**：伊斯兰金融有独特的禁止原则，须作为独立层处理
---
## 后台管理账号
| 服务 | 地址 | 账号 | 密码 |
|------|------|------|------|
| SSH | 103.96.148.7:22000 | root | XKUigTFMJXhH |
| 宝塔面板 | http://103.96.148.7:12/btwest | cproot | vajngkvf |
| Gitea | http://localhost:3333 | nacadmin | NACadmin2026! |
| MongoDB | 103.96.148.7 | root | idP0ZaRGyLsTUA3a |

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[package]
name = "nac-rwa-bilateral-rules"
version = "1.0.0"
edition = "2021"
description = "NAC RWA 双边贸易规则矩阵 — CN-EU/CN-JP/CN-US/CN-SG/EU-US/EU-JP"
authors = ["NAC Development Team"]
[lib]
name = "nac_rwa_bilateral_rules"
path = "src/lib.rs"
[lints.rust]
warnings = "deny"
[dependencies]
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
thiserror = "1.0"

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// NAC RWA 双边贸易规则矩阵
// 版本：1.0.0
//
// 覆盖贸易对：
// CN-EU（中欧）、CN-JP（中日）、CN-US（中美）、CN-SG（中新）
// EU-US（欧美）、EU-JP（欧日）
//
// 每个贸易对包含：
// - 适用贸易协定
// - 关税规则
// - 技术标准互认
// - 投资限制
// - 争议解决机制
// - 适用法律选择
// - 资产上链特殊要求
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
/// 贸易协定类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum TradeAgreement {
/// 世界贸易组织（WTO）
Wto,
/// 区域全面经济伙伴关系协定（RCEP）
Rcep,
/// 中国-新加坡自贸协定（CSFTA）
CsfTa,
/// 欧日经济伙伴协定（EU-Japan EPA）
EuJapanEpa,
/// 欧盟-新加坡自贸协定（EUSFTA）
Eusfta,
/// 无特别协定（仅WTO MFN）
WtoMfnOnly,
}
/// 关税规则
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TariffRule {
/// 贸易协定
pub agreement: TradeAgreement,
/// 一般商品MFN税率描述
pub mfn_rate_description: String,
/// 优惠税率描述（如有协定）
pub preferential_rate_description: Option<String>,
/// 获得优惠税率的条件
pub preferential_conditions: Vec<String>,
/// 主要受限商品（高关税或禁止）
pub restricted_goods: Vec<String>,
/// 反倾销/反补贴税情况
pub anti_dumping_note: Option<String>,
}
/// 技术标准互认
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TechnicalStandardMutualRecognition {
/// 是否有正式MRA协议
pub formal_mra: bool,
/// MRA覆盖领域
pub covered_sectors: Vec<String>,
/// 各方标准体系
pub standard_systems: Vec<String>,
/// 产品合规要求说明
pub compliance_notes: Vec<String>,
}
/// 投资规则
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct InvestmentRules {
/// 是否有双边投资协定（BIT）
pub has_bit: bool,
/// BIT名称（如有）
pub bit_name: Option<String>,
/// 投资审查机制
pub investment_review: Vec<String>,
/// 不动产外资限制
pub real_estate_restrictions: Vec<String>,
/// 金融投资限制
pub financial_investment_restrictions: Vec<String>,
}
/// 争议解决机制
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct DisputeResolutionMechanism {
/// 推荐仲裁机构
pub recommended_arbitration: Vec<String>,
/// 是否均为《纽约公约》成员
pub both_new_york_convention: bool,
/// 司法协助协定
pub judicial_assistance: Option<String>,
/// 判决承认与执行
pub judgment_enforcement_note: String,
}
/// 双边 RWA 资产上链特殊要求
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct BilateralRwaRequirements {
/// 不动产跨境上链要求
pub real_estate_requirements: Vec<String>,
/// 商品跨境上链要求
pub goods_requirements: Vec<String>,
/// 知识产权跨境上链要求
pub ip_requirements: Vec<String>,
/// 资金跨境要求
pub capital_flow_requirements: Vec<String>,
/// 数据跨境要求
pub data_cross_border_requirements: Vec<String>,
}
/// 双边贸易规则完整矩阵
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct BilateralTradeMatrix {
/// 辖区A（通常为出口方/卖方）
pub jurisdiction_a: String,
/// 辖区B（通常为进口方/买方）
pub jurisdiction_b: String,
/// 矩阵名称
pub name: String,
/// 贸易关系描述
pub relationship_description: String,
/// 适用贸易协定
pub trade_agreements: Vec<TradeAgreement>,
/// 关税规则（A→B方向）
pub tariff_a_to_b: TariffRule,
/// 关税规则（B→A方向）
pub tariff_b_to_a: TariffRule,
/// 技术标准互认
pub technical_standards: TechnicalStandardMutualRecognition,
/// 投资规则
pub investment_rules: InvestmentRules,
/// 争议解决
pub dispute_resolution: DisputeResolutionMechanism,
/// RWA 资产上链特殊要求
pub rwa_requirements: BilateralRwaRequirements,
/// 适用法律建议
pub governing_law_recommendation: String,
/// 重要风险提示
pub risk_notes: Vec<String>,
}
/// 获取双边贸易规则矩阵
pub fn get_bilateral_matrix(jurisdiction_a: &str, jurisdiction_b: &str) -> Option<BilateralTradeMatrix> {
let pair = format!("{}-{}", jurisdiction_a.to_uppercase(), jurisdiction_b.to_uppercase());
match pair.as_str() {
"CN-EU" | "CN-DE" | "CN-FR" => Some(cn_eu_matrix()),
"EU-CN" | "DE-CN" | "FR-CN" => Some(eu_cn_matrix()),
"CN-JP" => Some(cn_jp_matrix()),
"JP-CN" => Some(jp_cn_matrix()),
"CN-US" => Some(cn_us_matrix()),
"US-CN" => Some(us_cn_matrix()),
"CN-SG" => Some(cn_sg_matrix()),
"SG-CN" => Some(sg_cn_matrix()),
"EU-US" | "DE-US" | "FR-US" => Some(eu_us_matrix()),
"US-EU" | "US-DE" | "US-FR" => Some(us_eu_matrix()),
"EU-JP" | "DE-JP" | "FR-JP" => Some(eu_jp_matrix()),
"JP-EU" | "JP-DE" | "JP-FR" => Some(jp_eu_matrix()),
_ => None,
}
}
/// 获取所有可用贸易对列表
pub fn list_available_pairs() -> Vec<(&'static str, &'static str)> {
vec![
("CN", "EU"), ("EU", "CN"),
("CN", "JP"), ("JP", "CN"),
("CN", "US"), ("US", "CN"),
("CN", "SG"), ("SG", "CN"),
("EU", "US"), ("US", "EU"),
("EU", "JP"), ("JP", "EU"),
]
}
fn cn_eu_matrix() -> BilateralTradeMatrix {
BilateralTradeMatrix {
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "EU".to_string(),
name: "中欧双边贸易规则矩阵".to_string(),
relationship_description: "中国与欧盟之间的贸易关系，适用WTO MFN税率，无全面自贸协定（CAI谈判已冻结）".to_string(),
trade_agreements: vec![TradeAgreement::Wto, TradeAgreement::WtoMfnOnly],
tariff_a_to_b: TariffRule {
agreement: TradeAgreement::WtoMfnOnly,
mfn_rate_description: "欧盟对中国商品适用WTO MFN税率，平均约5%，但部分商品（纺织品、钢铁、电动车）税率较高".to_string(),
preferential_rate_description: None,
preferential_conditions: vec![],
restricted_goods: vec![
"电动汽车（2024年起额外关税17%-38%）".to_string(),
"钢铁（反倾销税）".to_string(),
"太阳能板（反倾销税）".to_string(),
"军民两用技术".to_string(),
],
anti_dumping_note: Some("欧盟对中国多类商品征收反倾销税，须在合同中确认".to_string()),
},
tariff_b_to_a: TariffRule {
agreement: TradeAgreement::WtoMfnOnly,
mfn_rate_description: "中国对欧盟商品适用WTO MFN税率，平均约9%".to_string(),
preferential_rate_description: None,
preferential_conditions: vec![],
restricted_goods: vec![
"军事技术".to_string(),
"受管制两用物品".to_string(),
],
anti_dumping_note: None,
},
technical_standards: TechnicalStandardMutualRecognition {
formal_mra: false,
covered_sectors: vec![],
standard_systems: vec![
"中国：GB/T国家标准、CCC认证".to_string(),
"欧盟：CE认证、EN标准、REACH/RoHS".to_string(),
],
compliance_notes: vec![
"中国出口欧盟须符合CE认证（电气/机械/医疗器械等）".to_string(),
"化学品须符合欧盟REACH法规".to_string(),
"食品须符合欧盟食品安全法规".to_string(),
"欧盟出口中国须符合CCC认证（电气产品）".to_string(),
"无正式MRA，须各自独立认证".to_string(),
],
},
investment_rules: InvestmentRules {
has_bit: false,
bit_name: Some("中欧全面投资协定（CAI）——已于2021年冻结".to_string()),
investment_review: vec![
"欧盟：FDI审查框架（各成员国实施）".to_string(),
"中国：外资负面清单制度".to_string(),
"中国：NDRC/MOFCOM审批（特定行业）".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: vec![
"中国：外资购买住宅须有工作/学习证明".to_string(),
"欧盟：各成员国规定不同，通常无限制".to_string(),
],
financial_investment_restrictions: vec![
"中国：QFII/RQFII制度".to_string(),
"欧盟：资本自由流动原则，但有国家安全例外".to_string(),
],
},
dispute_resolution: DisputeResolutionMechanism {
recommended_arbitration: vec![
"ICC仲裁院（巴黎）".to_string(),
"CIETAC仲裁委员会（北京）".to_string(),
"SIAC（新加坡，中立第三方）".to_string(),
],
both_new_york_convention: true,
judicial_assistance: None,
judgment_enforcement_note: "中欧之间无司法协助条约，法院判决执行困难，强烈建议选择仲裁".to_string(),
},
rwa_requirements: BilateralRwaRequirements {
real_estate_requirements: vec![
"中国不动产上链须完成不动产登记，获取不动产权证".to_string(),
"欧盟不动产上链须完成各成员国土地登记（如德国Grundbuch）".to_string(),
"跨境持有须遵守外汇管制（中国）和资本流动规定（欧盟）".to_string(),
],
goods_requirements: vec![
"须提供完整的贸易单据（发票、提单、原产地证明等）".to_string(),
"须确认是否受反倾销税令约束".to_string(),
"须符合进口方的产品安全认证要求".to_string(),
],
ip_requirements: vec![
"中国知识产权须在CNIPA完成登记".to_string(),
"欧盟知识产权须在EUIPO/EPO完成登记".to_string(),
"跨境许可须遵守各自的技术出口管制法规".to_string(),
"须预扣预提税（中国10%，欧盟各国不同）".to_string(),
],
capital_flow_requirements: vec![
"中国：外汇管理局（SAFE）审批，超过5万美元须申报".to_string(),
"欧盟：资本自由流动，但须遵守反洗钱规定".to_string(),
],
data_cross_border_requirements: vec![
"中国：《数据安全法》《个人信息保护法》，数据出境须评估".to_string(),
"欧盟：GDPR，数据传输至中国须有充分保护措施（SCCs等）".to_string(),
],
},
governing_law_recommendation: "建议选择新加坡法律（中立）或香港法律（普通法，中立）；避免选择单方辖区法律".to_string(),
risk_notes: vec![
"中欧CAI已冻结，双边投资保护缺乏专门协定".to_string(),
"欧盟对中国电动车、钢铁等商品征收额外关税，须在合同中明确关税承担方".to_string(),
"中国外汇管制可能影响资金跨境流动".to_string(),
"地缘政治风险较高，建议在合同中加入详细的不可抗力条款".to_string(),
],
}
}
fn eu_cn_matrix() -> BilateralTradeMatrix {
let mut m = cn_eu_matrix();
m.jurisdiction_a = "EU".to_string();
m.jurisdiction_b = "CN".to_string();
m.name = "欧中双边贸易规则矩阵".to_string();
m
}
fn cn_jp_matrix() -> BilateralTradeMatrix {
BilateralTradeMatrix {
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "JP".to_string(),
name: "中日双边贸易规则矩阵".to_string(),
relationship_description: "中国与日本之间的贸易关系，适用RCEP优惠税率，双边贸易额全球前三".to_string(),
trade_agreements: vec![TradeAgreement::Wto, TradeAgreement::Rcep],
tariff_a_to_b: TariffRule {
agreement: TradeAgreement::Rcep,
mfn_rate_description: "日本对中国商品MFN税率平均约4%".to_string(),
preferential_rate_description: Some("RCEP优惠税率：逐步降至0%（20年内）".to_string()),
preferential_conditions: vec![
"须提供RCEP原产地证书（Form RCEP）".to_string(),
"须满足RCEP原产地规则（区域价值成分或税则改变）".to_string(),
],
restricted_goods: vec![
"大米（高关税保护）".to_string(),
"乳制品".to_string(),
"军民两用技术".to_string(),
],
anti_dumping_note: Some("日本对部分中国钢铁产品有反倾销措施".to_string()),
},
tariff_b_to_a: TariffRule {
agreement: TradeAgreement::Rcep,
mfn_rate_description: "中国对日本商品MFN税率平均约9%".to_string(),
preferential_rate_description: Some("RCEP优惠税率：逐步降至0%".to_string()),
preferential_conditions: vec![
"须提供RCEP原产地证书".to_string(),
],
restricted_goods: vec![],
anti_dumping_note: None,
},
technical_standards: TechnicalStandardMutualRecognition {
formal_mra: false,
covered_sectors: vec![],
standard_systems: vec![
"中国：GB/T国家标准、CCC认证".to_string(),
"日本：JIS标准、PSE/PSC/JAS认证".to_string(),
],
compliance_notes: vec![
"中国出口日本电气产品须符合PSE认证".to_string(),
"中国出口日本食品须符合《食品卫生法》".to_string(),
"日本出口中国汽车须符合中国强制性认证（CCC）".to_string(),
"无正式MRA，须各自独立认证".to_string(),
],
},
investment_rules: InvestmentRules {
has_bit: true,
bit_name: Some("中日韩投资协定（2012年，含BIT条款）".to_string()),
investment_review: vec![
"日本：外为法审查（特定敏感行业）".to_string(),
"中国：外资负面清单制度".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: vec![
"日本：外资可自由购买不动产，须遵守外为法申报".to_string(),
"中国：外资购买住宅须有工作/学习证明".to_string(),
],
financial_investment_restrictions: vec![
"日本：特定敏感行业须事前申报".to_string(),
"中国：QFII/RQFII制度".to_string(),
],
},
dispute_resolution: DisputeResolutionMechanism {
recommended_arbitration: vec![
"JCAA仲裁院（东京）".to_string(),
"CIETAC仲裁委员会（北京）".to_string(),
"SIAC（新加坡，中立第三方）".to_string(),
],
both_new_york_convention: true,
judicial_assistance: Some("中日司法协助条约（1984年）".to_string()),
judgment_enforcement_note: "中日有司法协助条约，但实践中仍建议选择仲裁".to_string(),
},
rwa_requirements: BilateralRwaRequirements {
real_estate_requirements: vec![
"日本不动产上链须完成法务局登记".to_string(),
"中国不动产上链须完成不动产登记".to_string(),
"日本外资须遵守外为法申报要求".to_string(),
],
goods_requirements: vec![
"可申请RCEP优惠税率，须提供RCEP原产地证书".to_string(),
"须符合进口方的产品安全认证要求（PSE/CCC等）".to_string(),
],
ip_requirements: vec![
"可通过PCT申请在中日两国获得专利保护".to_string(),
"商标须分别在CNIPA和JPO注册".to_string(),
"日本预提税：20%（无DTA）/ 中日DTA可降低至10%".to_string(),
],
capital_flow_requirements: vec![
"中国：外汇管理局审批".to_string(),
"日本：外为法申报（超过一定金额）".to_string(),
],
data_cross_border_requirements: vec![
"中国：数据出境须评估".to_string(),
"日本：《个人信息保护法》（APPI）".to_string(),
],
},
governing_law_recommendation: "建议选择新加坡法律（中立）或香港法律".to_string(),
risk_notes: vec![
"RCEP原产地规则较为复杂，须仔细核实商品是否满足要求".to_string(),
"中日之间存在历史和领土争议，地缘政治风险须关注".to_string(),
"日本外为法对特定行业投资有严格审查".to_string(),
],
}
}
fn jp_cn_matrix() -> BilateralTradeMatrix {
let mut m = cn_jp_matrix();
m.jurisdiction_a = "JP".to_string();
m.jurisdiction_b = "CN".to_string();
m.name = "日中双边贸易规则矩阵".to_string();
m
}
fn cn_us_matrix() -> BilateralTradeMatrix {
BilateralTradeMatrix {
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "US".to_string(),
name: "中美双边贸易规则矩阵".to_string(),
relationship_description: "中国与美国之间的贸易关系，适用WTO MFN税率，但受301条款额外关税影响，贸易摩擦持续".to_string(),
trade_agreements: vec![TradeAgreement::Wto, TradeAgreement::WtoMfnOnly],
tariff_a_to_b: TariffRule {
agreement: TradeAgreement::WtoMfnOnly,
mfn_rate_description: "美国对中国商品MFN税率平均约3.4%，但301条款额外关税7.5%-25%".to_string(),
preferential_rate_description: None,
preferential_conditions: vec![],
restricted_goods: vec![
"半导体及相关设备（出口管制）".to_string(),
"电信设备（华为等实体清单）".to_string(),
"钢铁铝材（232条款关税）".to_string(),
"太阳能板（201/301条款）".to_string(),
"电动汽车（100%关税）".to_string(),
],
anti_dumping_note: Some("美国对大量中国商品征收反倾销/反补贴税，须逐一核实".to_string()),
},
tariff_b_to_a: TariffRule {
agreement: TradeAgreement::WtoMfnOnly,
mfn_rate_description: "中国对美国商品MFN税率平均约9%，但对部分美国商品有报复性关税".to_string(),
preferential_rate_description: None,
preferential_conditions: vec![],
restricted_goods: vec![
"农产品（大豆、猪肉等，报复性关税）".to_string(),
"军民两用技术".to_string(),
],
anti_dumping_note: None,
},
technical_standards: TechnicalStandardMutualRecognition {
formal_mra: false,
covered_sectors: vec![],
standard_systems: vec![
"中国：GB/T国家标准、CCC认证".to_string(),
"美国：ANSI/ASTM/UL标准，FDA/FCC/CPSC认证".to_string(),
],
compliance_notes: vec![
"中国出口美国电子产品须符合FCC认证".to_string(),
"中国出口美国食品须符合FDA要求".to_string(),
"中国出口美国消费品须符合CPSC安全标准".to_string(),
"美国出口中国须符合CCC认证（电气产品）".to_string(),
"无正式MRA".to_string(),
],
},
investment_rules: InvestmentRules {
has_bit: false,
bit_name: None,
investment_review: vec![
"美国：CFIUS审查（外资并购审查，对中资尤为严格）".to_string(),
"美国：FIRRMA（外国投资风险审查现代化法案）".to_string(),
"中国：外资负面清单制度".to_string(),
"美国：对中国军事相关企业的投资限制（EO 13959）".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: vec![
"美国：部分州限制中国公民购买农业用地或军事基地附近不动产".to_string(),
"美国：CFIUS可审查外资不动产收购（军事基地附近）".to_string(),
"中国：外资购买住宅须有工作/学习证明".to_string(),
],
financial_investment_restrictions: vec![
"美国：对中国军事相关企业的证券投资限制".to_string(),
"中国：QFII/RQFII制度".to_string(),
"美国：OFAC制裁合规".to_string(),
],
},
dispute_resolution: DisputeResolutionMechanism {
recommended_arbitration: vec![
"ICC仲裁院（巴黎，中立第三方）".to_string(),
"SIAC（新加坡，中立第三方）".to_string(),
"HKIAC（香港，中立第三方）".to_string(),
],
both_new_york_convention: true,
judicial_assistance: None,
judgment_enforcement_note: "中美之间无司法协助条约，法院判决执行极为困难，强烈建议选择仲裁".to_string(),
},
rwa_requirements: BilateralRwaRequirements {
real_estate_requirements: vec![
"美国不动产上链须完成产权保险和地契登记".to_string(),
"中国公民/企业在美购买不动产须遵守CFIUS规定（军事基地附近）".to_string(),
"须遵守FIRPTA（外资卖方预扣15%税款）".to_string(),
"部分州立法限制中国公民购买农业用地".to_string(),
],
goods_requirements: vec![
"须确认是否受301条款额外关税影响（7.5%-25%）".to_string(),
"须确认是否受反倾销/反补贴税令约束".to_string(),
"须符合美国产品安全认证要求（FDA/FCC/CPSC等）".to_string(),
"须遵守OFAC制裁规定".to_string(),
],
ip_requirements: vec![
"须通过PCT申请在中美两国获得专利保护".to_string(),
"美国预提税：30%（无DTA）/ 中美DTA可降低至10%".to_string(),
"受EAR/ITAR管制的技术须申请出口许可证".to_string(),
],
capital_flow_requirements: vec![
"中国：外汇管理局审批，超过5万美元须申报".to_string(),
"美国：FinCEN反洗钱申报要求".to_string(),
"须遵守OFAC制裁规定".to_string(),
],
data_cross_border_requirements: vec![
"中国：数据出境须安全评估".to_string(),
"美国：CLOUD Act、FISA等数据访问法律".to_string(),
"TikTok/字节跳动案例表明数据主权风险极高".to_string(),
],
},
governing_law_recommendation: "强烈建议选择新加坡法律或香港法律（中立，普通法体系，两国均认可）".to_string(),
risk_notes: vec![
"301条款额外关税（7.5%-25%）显著影响商品贸易成本，须在合同中明确承担方".to_string(),
"CFIUS审查对中资在美投资影响极大，须提前评估".to_string(),
"出口管制风险高（EAR/ITAR/实体清单），须仔细核实".to_string(),
"中美之间无司法协助条约，强烈建议选择仲裁".to_string(),
"地缘政治风险极高，建议在合同中加入详细的不可抗力和制裁条款".to_string(),
"部分州立法限制中国公民购买特定类型不动产".to_string(),
],
}
}
fn us_cn_matrix() -> BilateralTradeMatrix {
let mut m = cn_us_matrix();
m.jurisdiction_a = "US".to_string();
m.jurisdiction_b = "CN".to_string();
m.name = "美中双边贸易规则矩阵".to_string();
m
}
fn cn_sg_matrix() -> BilateralTradeMatrix {
BilateralTradeMatrix {
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "SG".to_string(),
name: "中新双边贸易规则矩阵".to_string(),
relationship_description: "中国与新加坡之间的贸易关系，适用RCEP和CSFTA优惠税率，双边关系友好".to_string(),
trade_agreements: vec![TradeAgreement::Wto, TradeAgreement::Rcep, TradeAgreement::CsfTa],
tariff_a_to_b: TariffRule {
agreement: TradeAgreement::CsfTa,
mfn_rate_description: "新加坡对几乎所有商品实行0%关税（自由港）".to_string(),
preferential_rate_description: Some("CSFTA/RCEP：0%（新加坡本已是0%）".to_string()),
preferential_conditions: vec![
"须提供CSFTA或RCEP原产地证书".to_string(),
],
restricted_goods: vec![
"武器弹药".to_string(),
"毒品".to_string(),
],
anti_dumping_note: None,
},
tariff_b_to_a: TariffRule {
agreement: TradeAgreement::CsfTa,
mfn_rate_description: "中国对新加坡商品MFN税率平均约9%".to_string(),
preferential_rate_description: Some("CSFTA优惠税率：大多数商品0%".to_string()),
preferential_conditions: vec![
"须提供CSFTA原产地证书".to_string(),
],
restricted_goods: vec![],
anti_dumping_note: None,
},
technical_standards: TechnicalStandardMutualRecognition {
formal_mra: true,
covered_sectors: vec![
"电气和电子设备".to_string(),
"电信设备".to_string(),
],
standard_systems: vec![
"中国：GB/T国家标准、CCC认证".to_string(),
"新加坡：SS标准、SPRING Singapore认证".to_string(),
],
compliance_notes: vec![
"中新有电气设备MRA，部分产品可互认".to_string(),
"新加坡进口中国电气产品须符合SS标准".to_string(),
],
},
investment_rules: InvestmentRules {
has_bit: true,
bit_name: Some("中新双边投资协定（1985年，2009年修订）".to_string()),
investment_review: vec![
"新加坡：EDB（经济发展局）审批（特定行业）".to_string(),
"中国：外资负面清单制度".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: vec![
"新加坡：外资购买私人住宅须缴纳ABSD 60%（2023年4月起）".to_string(),
"中国：外资购买住宅须有工作/学习证明".to_string(),
],
financial_investment_restrictions: vec![
"新加坡：MAS监管，金融机构须获MAS牌照".to_string(),
"中国：QFII/RQFII制度".to_string(),
],
},
dispute_resolution: DisputeResolutionMechanism {
recommended_arbitration: vec![
"SIAC仲裁院（新加坡）".to_string(),
"CIETAC仲裁委员会（北京）".to_string(),
],
both_new_york_convention: true,
judicial_assistance: Some("中新司法协助安排（2018年）".to_string()),
judgment_enforcement_note: "中新有司法协助安排，判决执行相对便利；SIAC仲裁裁决在中国可执行".to_string(),
},
rwa_requirements: BilateralRwaRequirements {
real_estate_requirements: vec![
"新加坡不动产上链须完成SLA产权登记".to_string(),
"外资须缴纳ABSD（60%，2023年4月起）".to_string(),
"中国不动产上链须完成不动产登记".to_string(),
],
goods_requirements: vec![
"可申请CSFTA或RCEP优惠税率".to_string(),
"须在TradeNet系统申报进口".to_string(),
"须符合新加坡产品安全要求".to_string(),
],
ip_requirements: vec![
"可通过PCT申请在中新两国获得专利保护".to_string(),
"新加坡预提税：0%（新加坡无预提税）".to_string(),
"中国预提税：10%（DTA可降低至7%）".to_string(),
],
capital_flow_requirements: vec![
"中国：外汇管理局审批".to_string(),
"新加坡：无外汇管制".to_string(),
],
data_cross_border_requirements: vec![
"中国：数据出境须安全评估".to_string(),
"新加坡：PDPA（个人数据保护法）".to_string(),
],
},
governing_law_recommendation: "建议选择新加坡法律（双方均认可，新加坡是中立法律中心）".to_string(),
risk_notes: vec![
"新加坡ABSD大幅提高外资购房成本（60%）".to_string(),
"中国外汇管制可能影响资金跨境流动".to_string(),
"总体而言，中新贸易关系友好，风险较低".to_string(),
],
}
}
fn sg_cn_matrix() -> BilateralTradeMatrix {
let mut m = cn_sg_matrix();
m.jurisdiction_a = "SG".to_string();
m.jurisdiction_b = "CN".to_string();
m.name = "新中双边贸易规则矩阵".to_string();
m
}
fn eu_us_matrix() -> BilateralTradeMatrix {
BilateralTradeMatrix {
jurisdiction_a: "EU".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "US".to_string(),
name: "欧美双边贸易规则矩阵".to_string(),
relationship_description: "欧盟与美国之间的贸易关系，适用WTO MFN税率，TTIP谈判已停滞，但双边贸易关系总体友好".to_string(),
trade_agreements: vec![TradeAgreement::Wto, TradeAgreement::WtoMfnOnly],
tariff_a_to_b: TariffRule {
agreement: TradeAgreement::WtoMfnOnly,
mfn_rate_description: "美国对欧盟商品MFN税率平均约3.5%".to_string(),
preferential_rate_description: None,
preferential_conditions: vec![],
restricted_goods: vec![
"钢铁铝材（232条款，部分豁免）".to_string(),
"航空器（波音-空客补贴争端）".to_string(),
],
anti_dumping_note: None,
},
tariff_b_to_a: TariffRule {
agreement: TradeAgreement::WtoMfnOnly,
mfn_rate_description: "欧盟对美国商品MFN税率平均约5%".to_string(),
preferential_rate_description: None,
preferential_conditions: vec![],
restricted_goods: vec![],
anti_dumping_note: None,
},
technical_standards: TechnicalStandardMutualRecognition {
formal_mra: true,
covered_sectors: vec![
"电信设备".to_string(),
"电磁兼容性（EMC）".to_string(),
"医疗器械".to_string(),
"制药GMP".to_string(),
],
standard_systems: vec![
"欧盟：CE认证、EN标准、REACH/RoHS".to_string(),
"美国：FCC/FDA/UL标准".to_string(),
],
compliance_notes: vec![
"欧美有MRA协议，部分行业可互认认证".to_string(),
"医疗器械MRA：欧盟CE与美国FDA有互认安排".to_string(),
"制药GMP：欧美互认GMP检查".to_string(),
],
},
investment_rules: InvestmentRules {
has_bit: false,
bit_name: None,
investment_review: vec![
"美国：CFIUS审查（对欧盟投资通常不严格）".to_string(),
"欧盟：FDI审查框架".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: vec![
"总体无限制，部分州有特殊规定".to_string(),
],
financial_investment_restrictions: vec![
"总体自由，须遵守各自金融监管要求".to_string(),
],
},
dispute_resolution: DisputeResolutionMechanism {
recommended_arbitration: vec![
"ICC仲裁院（巴黎）".to_string(),
"AAA/ICDR仲裁（纽约）".to_string(),
"LCIA仲裁（伦敦）".to_string(),
],
both_new_york_convention: true,
judicial_assistance: Some("欧美有海牙服务公约和证据公约".to_string()),
judgment_enforcement_note: "欧美之间无统一判决承认条约，但实践中执行相对便利；建议选择仲裁".to_string(),
},
rwa_requirements: BilateralRwaRequirements {
real_estate_requirements: vec![
"欧盟不动产上链须完成各成员国土地登记".to_string(),
"美国不动产上链须完成产权保险和地契登记".to_string(),
"FIRPTA：外资卖方须预扣15%税款".to_string(),
],
goods_requirements: vec![
"须符合进口方产品安全认证（CE/FDA/FCC等）".to_string(),
"欧美有MRA，部分行业可互认认证".to_string(),
],
ip_requirements: vec![
"可通过PCT申请在欧美两地获得专利保护".to_string(),
"美国预提税：0%（欧美DTA通常为0%）".to_string(),
],
capital_flow_requirements: vec![
"欧美之间资本自由流动，须遵守反洗钱规定".to_string(),
"须遵守OFAC制裁规定".to_string(),
],
data_cross_border_requirements: vec![
"欧盟：GDPR，数据传输至美国须有充分保护措施（EU-US DPF框架）".to_string(),
"美国：CLOUD Act".to_string(),
],
},
governing_law_recommendation: "建议选择英格兰和威尔士法律（普通法，中立，国际商业合同常用）或纽约州法律".to_string(),
risk_notes: vec![
"GDPR合规是欧美数据跨境的主要风险".to_string(),
"TTIP谈判停滞，双边无全面自贸协定".to_string(),
"总体而言，欧美贸易关系友好，风险较低".to_string(),
],
}
}
fn us_eu_matrix() -> BilateralTradeMatrix {
let mut m = eu_us_matrix();
m.jurisdiction_a = "US".to_string();
m.jurisdiction_b = "EU".to_string();
m.name = "美欧双边贸易规则矩阵".to_string();
m
}
fn eu_jp_matrix() -> BilateralTradeMatrix {
BilateralTradeMatrix {
jurisdiction_a: "EU".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "JP".to_string(),
name: "欧日双边贸易规则矩阵".to_string(),
relationship_description: "欧盟与日本之间的贸易关系，适用EU-Japan EPA优惠税率（2019年生效），双边关系友好".to_string(),
trade_agreements: vec![TradeAgreement::Wto, TradeAgreement::EuJapanEpa],
tariff_a_to_b: TariffRule {
agreement: TradeAgreement::EuJapanEpa,
mfn_rate_description: "日本对欧盟商品MFN税率平均约4%".to_string(),
preferential_rate_description: Some("EU-Japan EPA优惠税率：逐步降至0%（大多数商品已为0%）".to_string()),
preferential_conditions: vec![
"须提供EPA原产地声明（发票声明或EUR.1）".to_string(),
"须满足EPA原产地规则".to_string(),
],
restricted_goods: vec![
"大米（高关税保护）".to_string(),
"乳制品（部分保留关税）".to_string(),
],
anti_dumping_note: None,
},
tariff_b_to_a: TariffRule {
agreement: TradeAgreement::EuJapanEpa,
mfn_rate_description: "欧盟对日本商品MFN税率平均约5%".to_string(),
preferential_rate_description: Some("EU-Japan EPA优惠税率：逐步降至0%".to_string()),
preferential_conditions: vec![
"须提供EPA原产地声明".to_string(),
],
restricted_goods: vec![],
anti_dumping_note: None,
},
technical_standards: TechnicalStandardMutualRecognition {
formal_mra: true,
covered_sectors: vec![
"电信设备".to_string(),
"电磁兼容性（EMC）".to_string(),
"汽车（UNECE法规互认）".to_string(),
],
standard_systems: vec![
"欧盟：CE认证、EN标准".to_string(),
"日本：JIS标准、PSE/PSC认证".to_string(),
],
compliance_notes: vec![
"欧日EPA包含监管合作章节".to_string(),
"汽车：双方均采用UNECE法规，互认程度较高".to_string(),
"电信设备：有MRA安排".to_string(),
],
},
investment_rules: InvestmentRules {
has_bit: true,
bit_name: Some("EU-Japan EPA投资章节（含投资保护条款）".to_string()),
investment_review: vec![
"日本：外为法审查（特定敏感行业）".to_string(),
"欧盟：FDI审查框架".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: vec![
"日本：外资可自由购买不动产，须遵守外为法申报".to_string(),
"欧盟：通常无限制".to_string(),
],
financial_investment_restrictions: vec![
"日本：特定敏感行业须事前申报".to_string(),
"欧盟：资本自由流动原则".to_string(),
],
},
dispute_resolution: DisputeResolutionMechanism {
recommended_arbitration: vec![
"ICC仲裁院（巴黎）".to_string(),
"JCAA仲裁院（东京）".to_string(),
"LCIA仲裁（伦敦）".to_string(),
],
both_new_york_convention: true,
judicial_assistance: Some("欧日有海牙服务公约".to_string()),
judgment_enforcement_note: "欧日之间无统一判决承认条约，建议选择仲裁".to_string(),
},
rwa_requirements: BilateralRwaRequirements {
real_estate_requirements: vec![
"欧盟不动产上链须完成各成员国土地登记".to_string(),
"日本不动产上链须完成法务局登记".to_string(),
"日本外资须遵守外为法申报要求".to_string(),
],
goods_requirements: vec![
"可申请EU-Japan EPA优惠税率（须提供原产地声明）".to_string(),
"汽车类商品可享受UNECE法规互认".to_string(),
],
ip_requirements: vec![
"可通过PCT申请在欧日两地获得专利保护".to_string(),
"日本预提税：0%（欧日DTA通常为0%）".to_string(),
"欧盟预提税：0%（利息和版税指令）".to_string(),
],
capital_flow_requirements: vec![
"欧日之间资本自由流动".to_string(),
"日本：外为法申报（超过一定金额）".to_string(),
],
data_cross_border_requirements: vec![
"欧盟：GDPR，日本被欧盟认定为充分保护国，数据传输相对便利".to_string(),
"日本：APPI（个人信息保护法）".to_string(),
],
},
governing_law_recommendation: "建议选择英格兰和威尔士法律或新加坡法律（中立）".to_string(),
risk_notes: vec![
"EU-Japan EPA是目前全球最大的自贸协定之一，贸易条件优越".to_string(),
"日本被欧盟认定为GDPR充分保护国，数据跨境便利".to_string(),
"总体而言，欧日贸易关系友好，风险较低".to_string(),
],
}
}
fn jp_eu_matrix() -> BilateralTradeMatrix {
let mut m = eu_jp_matrix();
m.jurisdiction_a = "JP".to_string();
m.jurisdiction_b = "EU".to_string();
m.name = "日欧双边贸易规则矩阵".to_string();
m
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_all_pairs_available() {
let pairs = list_available_pairs();
assert_eq!(pairs.len(), 12);
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_eu_matrix_exists() {
let m = get_bilateral_matrix("CN", "EU");
assert!(m.is_some());
let m = m.unwrap();
assert_eq!(m.jurisdiction_a, "CN");
assert_eq!(m.jurisdiction_b, "EU");
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_us_matrix_has_301_tariff_risk() {
let m = get_bilateral_matrix("CN", "US").unwrap();
// 中美贸易矩阵必须包含301条款风险提示
assert!(m.risk_notes.iter().any(|n| n.contains("301")));
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_jp_matrix_has_rcep() {
let m = get_bilateral_matrix("CN", "JP").unwrap();
// 中日贸易矩阵必须包含RCEP协定
assert!(m.trade_agreements.contains(&TradeAgreement::Rcep));
}
#[test]
fn test_eu_jp_matrix_has_epa() {
let m = get_bilateral_matrix("EU", "JP").unwrap();
// 欧日贸易矩阵必须包含EPA协定
assert!(m.trade_agreements.contains(&TradeAgreement::EuJapanEpa));
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_sg_matrix_has_csfta() {
let m = get_bilateral_matrix("CN", "SG").unwrap();
// 中新贸易矩阵必须包含CSFTA协定
assert!(m.trade_agreements.contains(&TradeAgreement::CsfTa));
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_us_matrix_has_cfius_risk() {
let m = get_bilateral_matrix("CN", "US").unwrap();
// 中美投资规则必须提及CFIUS
assert!(m.investment_rules.investment_review.iter().any(|r| r.contains("CFIUS")));
}
#[test]
fn test_all_matrices_have_arbitration() {
let pairs = list_available_pairs();
for (a, b) in pairs {
let m = get_bilateral_matrix(a, b).unwrap();
assert!(!m.dispute_resolution.recommended_arbitration.is_empty(),
"{}-{} 矩阵缺少仲裁建议", a, b);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_all_matrices_both_new_york_convention() {
let pairs = list_available_pairs();
for (a, b) in pairs {
let m = get_bilateral_matrix(a, b).unwrap();
assert!(m.dispute_resolution.both_new_york_convention,
"{}-{} 矩阵未标注纽约公约成员", a, b);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_all_matrices_have_rwa_requirements() {
let pairs = list_available_pairs();
for (a, b) in pairs {
let m = get_bilateral_matrix(a, b).unwrap();
assert!(!m.rwa_requirements.goods_requirements.is_empty(),
"{}-{} 矩阵缺少商品RWA要求", a, b);
assert!(!m.rwa_requirements.capital_flow_requirements.is_empty(),
"{}-{} 矩阵缺少资金跨境要求", a, b);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_reversed_pairs_exist() {
// 确保所有贸易对都有双向矩阵
assert!(get_bilateral_matrix("EU", "CN").is_some());
assert!(get_bilateral_matrix("JP", "CN").is_some());
assert!(get_bilateral_matrix("US", "CN").is_some());
assert!(get_bilateral_matrix("SG", "CN").is_some());
assert!(get_bilateral_matrix("US", "EU").is_some());
assert!(get_bilateral_matrix("JP", "EU").is_some());
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_eu_has_data_cross_border_requirements() {
let m = get_bilateral_matrix("CN", "EU").unwrap();
// 中欧必须有数据跨境要求（GDPR相关）
assert!(m.rwa_requirements.data_cross_border_requirements.iter().any(|r| r.contains("GDPR")));
}
#[test]
fn test_eu_jp_data_adequacy() {
let m = get_bilateral_matrix("EU", "JP").unwrap();
// 欧日数据跨境：日本是GDPR充分保护国
assert!(m.rwa_requirements.data_cross_border_requirements.iter().any(|r| r.contains("充分保护")));
}
}

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[package]
name = "nac-rwa-contract-templates"
version = "1.0.0"
edition = "2021"
description = "NAC RWA 全球合约模板库 — 不动产买卖、商品跨境买卖、知识产权许可"
authors = ["NAC Development Team"]
[lib]
name = "nac_rwa_contract_templates"
path = "src/lib.rs"
[lints.rust]
warnings = "deny"
[dependencies]
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
thiserror = "1.0"
nac-rwa-legal-model = { path = "../nac-rwa-legal-model" }

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// 商品跨境买卖合约模板
// 覆盖主要贸易对：CN-US, CN-EU, CN-JP, CN-SG, EU-US, EU-JP, US-JP
// 所有跨境商品合约均基于 Incoterms 2020 和 UCC/CISG
use crate::{ContractField, ContractTemplate, ContractTemplateType, FieldType};
pub fn get_cross_border_template(seller: &str, buyer: &str) -> Option<ContractTemplate> {
let pair = format!("{}-{}", seller.to_uppercase(), buyer.to_uppercase());
match pair.as_str() {
"CN-US" => Some(cn_us_template()),
"US-CN" => Some(cn_us_template_reversed()),
"CN-EU" | "CN-DE" | "CN-FR" => Some(cn_eu_template()),
"EU-CN" | "DE-CN" | "FR-CN" => Some(eu_cn_template()),
"CN-JP" => Some(cn_jp_template()),
"JP-CN" => Some(jp_cn_template()),
"CN-SG" => Some(cn_sg_template()),
"SG-CN" => Some(sg_cn_template()),
"EU-US" | "DE-US" | "FR-US" => Some(eu_us_template()),
"US-EU" | "US-DE" | "US-FR" => Some(us_eu_template()),
"EU-JP" | "DE-JP" | "FR-JP" => Some(eu_jp_template()),
"JP-EU" | "JP-DE" | "JP-FR" => Some(jp_eu_template()),
_ => None,
}
}
fn common_cross_border_fields(seller_currency: &str, buyer_jurisdiction: &str) -> Vec<ContractField> {
vec![
ContractField {
name: "seller_name".to_string(),
label: "卖方名称（Seller）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "卖方完整法定名称".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("CISG Article 14".to_string()),
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "seller_address".to_string(),
label: "卖方地址".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Address,
required: true,
description: "卖方完整营业地址".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "buyer_name".to_string(),
label: "买方名称（Buyer）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "买方完整法定名称".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "buyer_address".to_string(),
label: "买方地址".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Address,
required: true,
description: "买方完整营业地址".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "goods_description".to_string(),
label: "货物描述（Description of Goods）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "货物的详细描述，含品名、规格、型号".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("CISG Article 35".to_string()),
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "hs_code".to_string(),
label: "HS编码（Harmonized System Code）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "货物的海关商品编码，用于报关和关税计算".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("《协调制度公约》".to_string()),
example: Some("8471.30（便携式计算机）".to_string()),
},
ContractField {
name: "quantity".to_string(),
label: "数量及单位".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "货物数量和计量单位".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: Some("1000 PCS / 50 MT".to_string()),
},
ContractField {
name: "unit_price".to_string(),
label: "单价".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Currency { currency_code: seller_currency.to_string() },
required: true,
description: "每单位货物的价格".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "total_amount".to_string(),
label: "合同总金额".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Currency { currency_code: seller_currency.to_string() },
required: true,
description: "合同总金额".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "incoterms".to_string(),
label: "贸易术语（Incoterms 2020）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Enum(vec![
"EXW（工厂交货）".to_string(),
"FCA（货交承运人）".to_string(),
"FOB（船上交货）".to_string(),
"CFR（成本加运费）".to_string(),
"CIF（成本加保险费加运费）".to_string(),
"DAP（目的地交货）".to_string(),
"DDP（完税后交货）".to_string(),
]),
required: true,
description: "确定风险和费用转移点的贸易术语（Incoterms 2020）".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("Incoterms 2020（ICC）".to_string()),
example: Some("FOB Shanghai".to_string()),
},
ContractField {
name: "port_of_loading".to_string(),
label: "装运港（Port of Loading）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "货物装船的港口".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: Some("Shanghai, China".to_string()),
},
ContractField {
name: "port_of_discharge".to_string(),
label: "目的港（Port of Discharge）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "货物卸货的目的港".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: Some(format!("Port in {}", buyer_jurisdiction)),
},
ContractField {
name: "shipment_date".to_string(),
label: "装运日期（Shipment Date）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Date,
required: true,
description: "货物装船的最迟日期".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "payment_terms".to_string(),
label: "付款方式（Payment Terms）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Enum(vec![
"信用证（L/C at sight）".to_string(),
"远期信用证（L/C 30/60/90 days）".to_string(),
"电汇（T/T）".to_string(),
"托收（D/P）".to_string(),
"赊销（O/A）".to_string(),
]),
required: true,
description: "买方向卖方付款的方式".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "quality_standard".to_string(),
label: "质量标准".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "货物须符合的质量标准（如ISO、ASTM、GB等）".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("CISG Article 35".to_string()),
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "insurance".to_string(),
label: "保险（Insurance）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "货物运输保险安排（CIF条款下由卖方投保）".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: Some("ICC (A) 110% of invoice value".to_string()),
},
ContractField {
name: "force_majeure".to_string(),
label: "不可抗力条款（Force Majeure）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "是否包含不可抗力条款".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("CISG Article 79".to_string()),
example: None,
},
]
}
fn cn_us_template() -> ContractTemplate {
let mut fields = common_cross_border_fields("USD", "US");
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "export_license".to_string(),
label: "出口许可证（如需）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "受管制商品须提供中国商务部出口许可证".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("《中华人民共和国出口管制法》".to_string()),
example: None,
});
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "us_customs_bond".to_string(),
label: "美国海关担保（US Customs Bond）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "进口商须提供美国海关担保".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("US CBP要求".to_string()),
example: None,
});
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "anti_dumping_check".to_string(),
label: "反倾销/反补贴税确认".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "确认货物是否受美国反倾销或反补贴税令约束".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("US ITC/DOC裁定".to_string()),
example: None,
});
ContractTemplate {
template_id: "GT-CN-US-001".to_string(),
template_type: ContractTemplateType::GoodsSaleCrossBorder,
jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
counterpart_jurisdiction: Some("US".to_string()),
name: "中美跨境商品买卖合同（中国出口→美国进口）".to_string(),
description: "适用于中国出口商向美国进口商出售商品的跨境贸易合同".to_string(),
legal_system: "CISG（联合国国际货物销售合同公约）".to_string(),
required_fields: fields,
optional_fields: vec![
ContractField {
name: "section_301_tariff".to_string(),
label: "301条款关税确认".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: false,
description: "确认货物是否受美国301条款额外关税影响".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
],
required_attachments: vec![
"商业发票（Commercial Invoice）".to_string(),
"装箱单（Packing List）".to_string(),
"提单（Bill of Lading / B/L）".to_string(),
"原产地证明（Certificate of Origin / CO）".to_string(),
"检验证书（Inspection Certificate）".to_string(),
"保险单（Insurance Policy）".to_string(),
"出口报关单（中国海关）".to_string(),
"进口报关单（美国CBP）".to_string(),
],
special_requirements: vec![
"须遵守中国《出口管制法》，管制商品须申请出口许可证".to_string(),
"须遵守美国CBP进口要求，提前申报（ISF 10+2）".to_string(),
"须确认是否受美国301条款额外关税影响".to_string(),
"须确认是否受反倾销/反补贴税令约束".to_string(),
"须遵守美国FDA/FCC/CPSC等产品合规要求（视货物类型）".to_string(),
"须遵守OFAC制裁规定".to_string(),
],
applicable_taxes: vec![
"中国出口退税：视商品类型（0%-13%）".to_string(),
"美国进口关税：MFN税率+301条款附加税（7.5%-25%）".to_string(),
"美国进口增值税：无（美国无联邦VAT）".to_string(),
],
dispute_resolution_suggestion: "适用CISG；争议提交ICC仲裁（巴黎）或CIETAC仲裁（北京）".to_string(),
language_requirements: vec!["中文（正本）".to_string(), "英文（副本）".to_string()],
}
}
fn cn_us_template_reversed() -> ContractTemplate {
let mut t = cn_us_template();
t.template_id = "GT-US-CN-001".to_string();
t.jurisdiction = "US".to_string();
t.counterpart_jurisdiction = Some("CN".to_string());
t.name = "美中跨境商品买卖合同（美国出口→中国进口）".to_string();
t.description = "适用于美国出口商向中国进口商出售商品的跨境贸易合同".to_string();
t
}
fn cn_eu_template() -> ContractTemplate {
let mut fields = common_cross_border_fields("EUR", "EU");
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "ce_marking".to_string(),
label: "CE认证（CE Marking）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "进入欧盟市场的产品须符合CE认证要求".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("欧盟产品安全指令".to_string()),
example: None,
});
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "reach_compliance".to_string(),
label: "REACH合规".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "化学品须符合欧盟REACH法规要求".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("EC 1907/2006".to_string()),
example: None,
});
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "eu_customs_code".to_string(),
label: "欧盟海关编码（CN Code）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "欧盟组合命名法的商品编码".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("欧盟关税法典（UCC）".to_string()),
example: None,
});
ContractTemplate {
template_id: "GT-CN-EU-001".to_string(),
template_type: ContractTemplateType::GoodsSaleCrossBorder,
jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
counterpart_jurisdiction: Some("EU".to_string()),
name: "中欧跨境商品买卖合同（中国出口→欧盟进口）".to_string(),
description: "适用于中国出口商向欧盟进口商出售商品的跨境贸易合同".to_string(),
legal_system: "CISG（联合国国际货物销售合同公约）".to_string(),
required_fields: fields,
optional_fields: vec![
ContractField {
name: "anti_dumping_eu".to_string(),
label: "欧盟反倾销税确认".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: false,
description: "确认货物是否受欧盟反倾销税令约束".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
],
required_attachments: vec![
"商业发票（Commercial Invoice）".to_string(),
"装箱单（Packing List）".to_string(),
"提单（Bill of Lading / B/L）".to_string(),
"原产地证明（Certificate of Origin / Form A）".to_string(),
"检验证书（Inspection Certificate）".to_string(),
"保险单（Insurance Policy）".to_string(),
"出口报关单（中国海关）".to_string(),
"欧盟进口报关单（SAD）".to_string(),
"CE认证文件（如适用）".to_string(),
],
special_requirements: vec![
"须遵守中国《出口管制法》".to_string(),
"须符合欧盟产品安全要求（CE认证等）".to_string(),
"须符合欧盟REACH化学品法规（如适用）".to_string(),
"须遵守欧盟关税法典（UCC）进口要求".to_string(),
"须确认是否受欧盟反倾销税令约束".to_string(),
"须符合欧盟海关进口安全申报（ICS2）".to_string(),
],
applicable_taxes: vec![
"中国出口退税：视商品类型（0%-13%）".to_string(),
"欧盟进口关税：MFN税率（视商品）".to_string(),
"欧盟进口增值税：各成员国不同（约20%）".to_string(),
],
dispute_resolution_suggestion: "适用CISG；争议提交ICC仲裁（巴黎）或CIETAC仲裁（北京）".to_string(),
language_requirements: vec!["中文（正本）".to_string(), "英文（副本）".to_string()],
}
}
fn eu_cn_template() -> ContractTemplate {
let mut t = cn_eu_template();
t.template_id = "GT-EU-CN-001".to_string();
t.jurisdiction = "EU".to_string();
t.counterpart_jurisdiction = Some("CN".to_string());
t.name = "欧中跨境商品买卖合同（欧盟出口→中国进口）".to_string();
t.description = "适用于欧盟出口商向中国进口商出售商品的跨境贸易合同".to_string();
t
}
fn cn_jp_template() -> ContractTemplate {
let mut fields = common_cross_border_fields("JPY", "JP");
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "pse_compliance".to_string(),
label: "PSE认证（日本电气安全）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "电气产品进入日本市场须符合PSE认证".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("《电气用品安全法》（DENAN）".to_string()),
example: None,
});
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "food_sanitation".to_string(),
label: "食品卫生法合规（如适用）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "食品类商品须符合日本《食品卫生法》".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("《食品卫生法》".to_string()),
example: None,
});
ContractTemplate {
template_id: "GT-CN-JP-001".to_string(),
template_type: ContractTemplateType::GoodsSaleCrossBorder,
jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
counterpart_jurisdiction: Some("JP".to_string()),
name: "中日跨境商品买卖合同（中国出口→日本进口）".to_string(),
description: "适用于中国出口商向日本进口商出售商品的跨境贸易合同，适用RCEP优惠税率".to_string(),
legal_system: "CISG（联合国国际货物销售合同公约）".to_string(),
required_fields: fields,
optional_fields: vec![
ContractField {
name: "rcep_origin_cert".to_string(),
label: "RCEP原产地证书".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: false,
description: "申请RCEP优惠税率须提供RCEP原产地证书".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("RCEP协议".to_string()),
example: None,
},
],
required_attachments: vec![
"商业发票（Commercial Invoice）".to_string(),
"装箱单（Packing List）".to_string(),
"提单（Bill of Lading / B/L）".to_string(),
"原产地证明（Certificate of Origin）".to_string(),
"检验证书（Inspection Certificate）".to_string(),
"保险单（Insurance Policy）".to_string(),
"出口报关单（中国海关）".to_string(),
"日本进口申报书".to_string(),
],
special_requirements: vec![
"须遵守中国《出口管制法》".to_string(),
"须符合日本产品安全要求（PSE/PSC等）".to_string(),
"可申请RCEP优惠税率（须提供RCEP原产地证书）".to_string(),
"食品类须符合日本《食品卫生法》".to_string(),
"须遵守日本海关进口申报要求".to_string(),
],
applicable_taxes: vec![
"中国出口退税：视商品类型（0%-13%）".to_string(),
"日本进口关税：MFN税率或RCEP优惠税率".to_string(),
"日本消费税：10%".to_string(),
],
dispute_resolution_suggestion: "适用CISG；争议提交JCAA仲裁（东京）或CIETAC仲裁（北京）".to_string(),
language_requirements: vec!["中文（正本）".to_string(), "日文（副本）".to_string()],
}
}
fn jp_cn_template() -> ContractTemplate {
let mut t = cn_jp_template();
t.template_id = "GT-JP-CN-001".to_string();
t.jurisdiction = "JP".to_string();
t.counterpart_jurisdiction = Some("CN".to_string());
t.name = "日中跨境商品买卖合同（日本出口→中国进口）".to_string();
t
}
fn cn_sg_template() -> ContractTemplate {
let mut fields = common_cross_border_fields("SGD", "SG");
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "rcep_cert".to_string(),
label: "RCEP原产地证书".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "申请RCEP优惠税率须提供原产地证书".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("RCEP协议".to_string()),
example: None,
});
ContractTemplate {
template_id: "GT-CN-SG-001".to_string(),
template_type: ContractTemplateType::GoodsSaleCrossBorder,
jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
counterpart_jurisdiction: Some("SG".to_string()),
name: "中新跨境商品买卖合同（中国出口→新加坡进口）".to_string(),
description: "适用于中国出口商向新加坡进口商出售商品，适用RCEP/CSFTA优惠税率".to_string(),
legal_system: "CISG".to_string(),
required_fields: fields,
optional_fields: vec![],
required_attachments: vec![
"商业发票（Commercial Invoice）".to_string(),
"装箱单（Packing List）".to_string(),
"提单（Bill of Lading / B/L）".to_string(),
"原产地证明（CO）".to_string(),
"检验证书".to_string(),
"保险单".to_string(),
"出口报关单（中国海关）".to_string(),
"新加坡进口许可证（如适用）".to_string(),
],
special_requirements: vec![
"可申请CSFTA（中新自贸协定）或RCEP优惠税率".to_string(),
"须遵守新加坡海关进口申报要求（TradeNet系统）".to_string(),
"须符合新加坡产品安全要求（SPRING Singapore）".to_string(),
],
applicable_taxes: vec![
"新加坡进口关税：大多数商品0%（自由港）".to_string(),
"新加坡GST：9%（2024年起）".to_string(),
],
dispute_resolution_suggestion: "适用CISG；争议提交SIAC仲裁（新加坡）或CIETAC仲裁（北京）".to_string(),
language_requirements: vec!["中文（正本）".to_string(), "英文（副本）".to_string()],
}
}
fn sg_cn_template() -> ContractTemplate {
let mut t = cn_sg_template();
t.template_id = "GT-SG-CN-001".to_string();
t.jurisdiction = "SG".to_string();
t.counterpart_jurisdiction = Some("CN".to_string());
t.name = "新中跨境商品买卖合同（新加坡出口→中国进口）".to_string();
t
}
fn eu_us_template() -> ContractTemplate {
let mut fields = common_cross_border_fields("USD", "US");
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "us_fda_compliance".to_string(),
label: "美国FDA合规（如适用）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "食品、药品、医疗器械须符合FDA要求".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("US FDA法规".to_string()),
example: None,
});
ContractTemplate {
template_id: "GT-EU-US-001".to_string(),
template_type: ContractTemplateType::GoodsSaleCrossBorder,
jurisdiction: "EU".to_string(),
counterpart_jurisdiction: Some("US".to_string()),
name: "欧美跨境商品买卖合同（欧盟出口→美国进口）".to_string(),
description: "适用于欧盟出口商向美国进口商出售商品".to_string(),
legal_system: "CISG".to_string(),
required_fields: fields,
optional_fields: vec![],
required_attachments: vec![
"商业发票（Commercial Invoice）".to_string(),
"装箱单（Packing List）".to_string(),
"提单（Bill of Lading / B/L）".to_string(),
"EUR.1原产地证书（欧盟出口）".to_string(),
"检验证书".to_string(),
"保险单".to_string(),
"美国进口报关单（CBP Form 3461）".to_string(),
],
special_requirements: vec![
"须符合美国CBP进口要求（ISF 10+2）".to_string(),
"须符合美国产品安全要求（FDA/FCC/CPSC等）".to_string(),
"须遵守OFAC制裁规定".to_string(),
],
applicable_taxes: vec![
"美国进口关税：MFN税率（欧盟商品）".to_string(),
"美国无联邦VAT".to_string(),
],
dispute_resolution_suggestion: "适用CISG；争议提交ICC仲裁（巴黎）或AAA仲裁（纽约）".to_string(),
language_requirements: vec!["英文".to_string()],
}
}
fn us_eu_template() -> ContractTemplate {
let mut t = eu_us_template();
t.template_id = "GT-US-EU-001".to_string();
t.jurisdiction = "US".to_string();
t.counterpart_jurisdiction = Some("EU".to_string());
t.name = "美欧跨境商品买卖合同（美国出口→欧盟进口）".to_string();
t
}
fn eu_jp_template() -> ContractTemplate {
let mut fields = common_cross_border_fields("EUR", "JP");
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "epa_cert".to_string(),
label: "欧日EPA原产地证书".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "申请欧日EPA优惠税率须提供原产地声明".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("EU-Japan EPA（2019年生效）".to_string()),
example: None,
});
ContractTemplate {
template_id: "GT-EU-JP-001".to_string(),
template_type: ContractTemplateType::GoodsSaleCrossBorder,
jurisdiction: "EU".to_string(),
counterpart_jurisdiction: Some("JP".to_string()),
name: "欧日跨境商品买卖合同（欧盟出口→日本进口）".to_string(),
description: "适用于欧盟出口商向日本进口商出售商品，适用EU-Japan EPA优惠税率".to_string(),
legal_system: "CISG".to_string(),
required_fields: fields,
optional_fields: vec![],
required_attachments: vec![
"商业发票（Commercial Invoice）".to_string(),
"装箱单（Packing List）".to_string(),
"提单（Bill of Lading / B/L）".to_string(),
"EPA原产地声明（EUR.1或发票声明）".to_string(),
"检验证书".to_string(),
"保险单".to_string(),
"日本进口申报书".to_string(),
],
special_requirements: vec![
"可申请EU-Japan EPA优惠税率（须提供原产地声明）".to_string(),
"须符合日本产品安全要求".to_string(),
"须遵守日本海关进口申报要求".to_string(),
],
applicable_taxes: vec![
"日本进口关税：EPA优惠税率（逐步降至0%）".to_string(),
"日本消费税：10%".to_string(),
],
dispute_resolution_suggestion: "适用CISG；争议提交ICC仲裁（巴黎）或JCAA仲裁（东京）".to_string(),
language_requirements: vec!["英文".to_string()],
}
}
fn jp_eu_template() -> ContractTemplate {
let mut t = eu_jp_template();
t.template_id = "GT-JP-EU-001".to_string();
t.jurisdiction = "JP".to_string();
t.counterpart_jurisdiction = Some("EU".to_string());
t.name = "日欧跨境商品买卖合同（日本出口→欧盟进口）".to_string();
t
}

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nac-rwa-contract-templates/src/ip_license.rs Normal file
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// 知识产权许可合约模板
// 覆盖：CN/US/EU/JP 作为许可方，各辖区作为被许可方
// 涵盖：专利许可、商标许可、版权许可、技术秘密许可
use crate::{ContractField, ContractTemplate, ContractTemplateType, FieldType};
pub fn get_template(licensor: &str, licensee: &str) -> Option<ContractTemplate> {
let pair = format!("{}-{}", licensor.to_uppercase(), licensee.to_uppercase());
match pair.as_str() {
"CN-US" | "CN-EU" | "CN-JP" | "CN-SG" | "CN-HK" | "CN-AE" | "CN-AU" | "CN-GB" | "CN-KR" => {
Some(cn_licensor_template(licensee))
}
"US-CN" | "US-EU" | "US-JP" | "US-SG" | "US-HK" | "US-AE" | "US-AU" | "US-GB" | "US-KR" => {
Some(us_licensor_template(licensee))
}
"EU-CN" | "EU-US" | "EU-JP" | "EU-SG" | "EU-HK" | "EU-AE" | "EU-AU" | "EU-GB" | "EU-KR" => {
Some(eu_licensor_template(licensee))
}
"JP-CN" | "JP-US" | "JP-EU" | "JP-SG" | "JP-HK" | "JP-AE" | "JP-AU" | "JP-GB" | "JP-KR" => {
Some(jp_licensor_template(licensee))
}
_ => None,
}
}
fn common_ip_fields(licensor_jurisdiction: &str, licensee_jurisdiction: &str) -> Vec<ContractField> {
vec![
ContractField {
name: "licensor_name".to_string(),
label: "许可方名称（Licensor）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "知识产权所有人的完整法定名称".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "licensor_jurisdiction".to_string(),
label: "许可方注册地".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "许可方的法律注册地".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: Some(licensor_jurisdiction.to_string()),
},
ContractField {
name: "licensee_name".to_string(),
label: "被许可方名称（Licensee）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "获得许可的一方的完整法定名称".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "licensee_jurisdiction".to_string(),
label: "被许可方注册地".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "被许可方的法律注册地".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: Some(licensee_jurisdiction.to_string()),
},
ContractField {
name: "ip_type".to_string(),
label: "知识产权类型".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Enum(vec![
"发明专利".to_string(),
"实用新型专利".to_string(),
"外观设计专利".to_string(),
"商标".to_string(),
"版权/著作权".to_string(),
"技术秘密/商业秘密".to_string(),
"软件著作权".to_string(),
"集成电路布图设计".to_string(),
]),
required: true,
description: "被许可的知识产权类型".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "ip_registration_no".to_string(),
label: "知识产权登记号/申请号".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "专利号、商标注册号或版权登记号".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: Some("CN202310000001.X（中国专利）".to_string()),
},
ContractField {
name: "ip_description".to_string(),
label: "知识产权描述".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "被许可知识产权的详细描述".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "license_scope".to_string(),
label: "许可范围（License Scope）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "被许可的具体使用范围，包括产品类型、用途、地域等".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: Some("仅限在中国大陆地区用于生产和销售XX产品".to_string()),
},
ContractField {
name: "license_type".to_string(),
label: "许可类型".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Enum(vec![
"独占许可（Exclusive License）".to_string(),
"排他许可（Sole License）".to_string(),
"普通许可（Non-exclusive License）".to_string(),
"分许可（Sub-license）".to_string(),
]),
required: true,
description: "许可的排他性程度".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "license_territory".to_string(),
label: "许可地域（Territory）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "被许可方可使用该知识产权的地理范围".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: Some("中华人民共和国大陆地区".to_string()),
},
ContractField {
name: "license_term".to_string(),
label: "许可期限".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "许可合同的有效期".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: Some("自合同签署之日起5年".to_string()),
},
ContractField {
name: "royalty_rate".to_string(),
label: "许可费/版税（Royalty）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Percentage,
required: true,
description: "被许可方向许可方支付的许可费率（占净销售额的百分比）".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: Some("净销售额的5%".to_string()),
},
ContractField {
name: "minimum_royalty".to_string(),
label: "最低许可费（Minimum Royalty）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Currency { currency_code: "USD".to_string() },
required: true,
description: "每年须支付的最低许可费".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "royalty_payment_schedule".to_string(),
label: "许可费支付周期".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Enum(vec![
"按季度支付".to_string(),
"按半年支付".to_string(),
"按年支付".to_string(),
"一次性支付".to_string(),
]),
required: true,
description: "许可费的支付频率".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "sublicense_allowed".to_string(),
label: "是否允许分许可".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "被许可方是否有权向第三方再次许可".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "improvement_ownership".to_string(),
label: "改进成果归属".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Enum(vec![
"归许可方所有".to_string(),
"归被许可方所有".to_string(),
"双方共同所有".to_string(),
"各自独立所有".to_string(),
]),
required: true,
description: "被许可方对许可知识产权的改进成果归属".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "confidentiality".to_string(),
label: "保密条款".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "是否包含保密义务".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
ContractField {
name: "governing_law".to_string(),
label: "适用法律（Governing Law）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: true,
description: "合同适用的法律".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: Some("中华人民共和国法律".to_string()),
},
]
}
fn cn_licensor_template(licensee: &str) -> ContractTemplate {
let mut fields = common_ip_fields("CN", licensee);
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "cnipa_registration".to_string(),
label: "国家知识产权局备案".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "中国专利/商标许可合同须在CNIPA备案".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("《专利法》第12条、《商标法》第43条".to_string()),
example: None,
});
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "technology_export_control".to_string(),
label: "技术出口管制确认".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "确认技术是否属于中国限制或禁止出口的技术目录".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("《技术进出口管理条例》".to_string()),
example: None,
});
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "withholding_tax_cn".to_string(),
label: "预提税（中国）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Percentage,
required: true,
description: "向境外支付许可费须预扣中国预提税（通常10%，DTA可降低）".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("《企业所得税法》第3条".to_string()),
example: Some("10%（无DTA）/ 5%-7%（有DTA）".to_string()),
});
ContractTemplate {
template_id: format!("IP-CN-{}-001", licensee),
template_type: ContractTemplateType::IpLicense,
jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
counterpart_jurisdiction: Some(licensee.to_string()),
name: format!("中国知识产权许可合同（中国→{}）", licensee),
description: "适用于中国知识产权所有人向境外被许可方授权使用".to_string(),
legal_system: "大陆法系".to_string(),
required_fields: fields,
optional_fields: vec![
ContractField {
name: "quality_control".to_string(),
label: "质量控制条款（商标许可）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Text,
required: false,
description: "商标许可须包含许可方对被许可方产品质量的控制条款".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("《商标法》第43条".to_string()),
example: None,
},
],
required_attachments: vec![
"知识产权权属证明（专利证书/商标注册证/版权登记证）".to_string(),
"技术出口许可证（受管制技术）".to_string(),
"CNIPA备案回执（专利/商标许可）".to_string(),
],
special_requirements: vec![
"专利/商标许可合同须在CNIPA备案".to_string(),
"受管制技术须申请技术出口许可证".to_string(),
"向境外支付许可费须预扣中国预提税（10%，DTA可降低）".to_string(),
"须遵守中国《反垄断法》关于许可条款的规定".to_string(),
],
applicable_taxes: vec![
"中国预提税：10%（无DTA）/ DTA国家可降低至5%-7%".to_string(),
"增值税：6%（技术服务）".to_string(),
],
dispute_resolution_suggestion: "适用中华人民共和国法律；争议提交CIETAC仲裁（北京）".to_string(),
language_requirements: vec!["中文（正本）".to_string(), "英文（副本）".to_string()],
}
}
fn us_licensor_template(licensee: &str) -> ContractTemplate {
let mut fields = common_ip_fields("US", licensee);
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "us_export_control".to_string(),
label: "美国出口管制确认（EAR/ITAR）".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "确认技术是否受EAR（商务部）或ITAR（国务部）管制".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("Export Administration Regulations (EAR) / ITAR".to_string()),
example: None,
});
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "us_withholding_tax".to_string(),
label: "美国预提税".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Percentage,
required: true,
description: "向境外支付许可费须预扣美国预提税（通常30%，DTA可降低）".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("IRC §1441".to_string()),
example: Some("30%（无DTA）/ DTA国家可降低至0%-15%".to_string()),
});
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "ofac_compliance".to_string(),
label: "OFAC制裁合规".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "确认被许可方不在OFAC制裁名单上".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("OFAC regulations".to_string()),
example: None,
});
ContractTemplate {
template_id: format!("IP-US-{}-001", licensee),
template_type: ContractTemplateType::IpLicense,
jurisdiction: "US".to_string(),
counterpart_jurisdiction: Some(licensee.to_string()),
name: format!("美国知识产权许可协议（美国→{}）", licensee),
description: "适用于美国知识产权所有人向境外被许可方授权使用".to_string(),
legal_system: "普通法系".to_string(),
required_fields: fields,
optional_fields: vec![
ContractField {
name: "most_favored_licensee".to_string(),
label: "最惠被许可方条款".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: false,
description: "是否给予被许可方最惠被许可方待遇".to_string(),
legal_basis: None,
example: None,
},
],
required_attachments: vec![
"美国专利证书/商标注册证/版权登记证".to_string(),
"出口许可证（EAR/ITAR管制技术）".to_string(),
"OFAC合规声明".to_string(),
],
special_requirements: vec![
"受EAR/ITAR管制的技术须申请出口许可证".to_string(),
"须确认被许可方不在OFAC制裁名单上".to_string(),
"向境外支付许可费须预扣美国预提税（30%，DTA可降低）".to_string(),
"须遵守美国反垄断法（Sherman Act）关于许可条款的规定".to_string(),
],
applicable_taxes: vec![
"美国预提税：30%（无DTA）/ DTA国家可降低至0%-15%".to_string(),
],
dispute_resolution_suggestion: "适用美国法律（特拉华州）；争议提交AAA仲裁（纽约）或WIPO仲裁".to_string(),
language_requirements: vec!["英文".to_string()],
}
}
fn eu_licensor_template(licensee: &str) -> ContractTemplate {
let mut fields = common_ip_fields("EU", licensee);
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "eu_block_exemption".to_string(),
label: "欧盟技术转让块豁免（TTBER）合规".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "确认许可条款符合欧盟技术转让块豁免条例（TTBER）".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("EU Regulation 316/2014 (TTBER)".to_string()),
example: None,
});
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "eu_withholding_tax".to_string(),
label: "欧盟预提税".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Percentage,
required: true,
description: "欧盟成员国向境外支付许可费的预提税率（各国不同）".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("EU Interest and Royalties Directive".to_string()),
example: Some("欧盟内部：0%（利息和版税指令）/ 对外：各国不同".to_string()),
});
ContractTemplate {
template_id: format!("IP-EU-{}-001", licensee),
template_type: ContractTemplateType::IpLicense,
jurisdiction: "EU".to_string(),
counterpart_jurisdiction: Some(licensee.to_string()),
name: format!("欧盟知识产权许可协议（欧盟→{}）", licensee),
description: "适用于欧盟知识产权所有人向境外被许可方授权使用".to_string(),
legal_system: "大陆法系（欧盟法）".to_string(),
required_fields: fields,
optional_fields: vec![],
required_attachments: vec![
"欧洲专利证书/欧盟商标注册证/版权证明".to_string(),
"TTBER合规分析报告".to_string(),
],
special_requirements: vec![
"须确认许可条款符合欧盟TTBER（技术转让块豁免条例）".to_string(),
"欧盟内部许可费支付适用利息和版税指令（零预提税）".to_string(),
"须遵守GDPR（如涉及个人数据）".to_string(),
],
applicable_taxes: vec![
"欧盟内部预提税：0%（利息和版税指令）".to_string(),
"对外预提税：各成员国不同（通常5%-15%）".to_string(),
],
dispute_resolution_suggestion: "适用欧盟法律；争议提交ICC仲裁（巴黎）或WIPO仲裁（日内瓦）".to_string(),
language_requirements: vec!["英文".to_string(), "许可方所在国语言（副本）".to_string()],
}
}
fn jp_licensor_template(licensee: &str) -> ContractTemplate {
let mut fields = common_ip_fields("JP", licensee);
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "jpo_registration".to_string(),
label: "日本特许厅登记".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Boolean,
required: true,
description: "专利独占许可须在日本特许厅登记".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("《特許法》第99条".to_string()),
example: None,
});
fields.push(ContractField {
name: "jp_withholding_tax".to_string(),
label: "日本预提税".to_string(),
field_type: FieldType::Percentage,
required: true,
description: "向境外支付许可费须预扣日本预提税（通常20%，DTA可降低）".to_string(),
legal_basis: Some("《所得税法》第212条".to_string()),
example: Some("20%（无DTA）/ DTA国家可降低至0%-10%".to_string()),
});
ContractTemplate {
template_id: format!("IP-JP-{}-001", licensee),
template_type: ContractTemplateType::IpLicense,
jurisdiction: "JP".to_string(),
counterpart_jurisdiction: Some(licensee.to_string()),
name: format!("日本知識財産ライセンス契約（日本→{}）", licensee),
description: "适用于日本知识产权所有人向境外被许可方授权使用".to_string(),
legal_system: "大陆法系".to_string(),
required_fields: fields,
optional_fields: vec![],
required_attachments: vec![
"特許証/商標登録証/著作権登録証".to_string(),
"JPO独占許諾登録証（独占许可）".to_string(),
],
special_requirements: vec![
"专利独占许可须在日本特许厅登记".to_string(),
"向境外支付许可费须预扣日本预提税（20%，DTA可降低）".to_string(),
"须遵守日本《独占禁止法》关于许可条款的规定".to_string(),
],
applicable_taxes: vec![
"日本预提税：20%（无DTA）/ DTA国家可降低至0%-10%".to_string(),
"消費税：10%（国内交易）".to_string(),
],
dispute_resolution_suggestion: "适用日本法律；争议提交JCAA仲裁（东京）或WIPO仲裁".to_string(),
language_requirements: vec!["日文（正本）".to_string(), "英文（副本）".to_string()],
}
}

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// NAC RWA 全球合约模板库
// 版本：1.0.0
// 覆盖：不动产买卖、商品跨境买卖、知识产权许可
//
// 设计原则：
// 1. 模板 = 资产类型 × 辖区（不存在通用合约）
// 2. 必填字段是法律效力的最低要求
// 3. 跨境合约需要双辖区验证
// 4. 合约与税收联动
pub mod real_estate;
pub mod goods_trade;
pub mod ip_license;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
/// 合约模板类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ContractTemplateType {
/// 不动产买卖合约
RealEstateSale,
/// 商品买卖合约（国内）
GoodsSaleDomestic,
/// 商品买卖合约（跨境）
GoodsSaleCrossBorder,
/// 知识产权许可合约
IpLicense,
/// 知识产权转让合约
IpAssignment,
/// 伊斯兰合规合约（Murabaha）
IslamicMurabaha,
/// 伊斯兰合规合约（Ijara）
IslamicIjara,
}
/// 合约字段类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum FieldType {
Text,
Number,
Date,
Currency { currency_code: String },
Percentage,
Boolean,
Enum(Vec<String>),
Address,
LegalEntityId,
}
/// 合约字段定义
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ContractField {
/// 字段名称（英文，用于程序处理）
pub name: String,
/// 字段标签（本地化显示）
pub label: String,
/// 字段类型
pub field_type: FieldType,
/// 是否必填（法律效力要求）
pub required: bool,
/// 字段说明
pub description: String,
/// 法律依据（为什么此字段是必填的）
pub legal_basis: Option<String>,
/// 示例值
pub example: Option<String>,
}
/// 合约模板
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ContractTemplate {
/// 模板ID
pub template_id: String,
/// 模板类型
pub template_type: ContractTemplateType,
/// 适用辖区（ISO 3166-1 alpha-2）
pub jurisdiction: String,
/// 对应辖区（跨境合约）
pub counterpart_jurisdiction: Option<String>,
/// 模板名称
pub name: String,
/// 模板描述
pub description: String,
/// 法律体系
pub legal_system: String,
/// 必填字段（法律效力最低要求）
pub required_fields: Vec<ContractField>,
/// 可选字段（商业条款）
pub optional_fields: Vec<ContractField>,
/// 附件要求
pub required_attachments: Vec<String>,
/// 特殊要求（如公证、备案等）
pub special_requirements: Vec<String>,
/// 适用税收规则摘要
pub applicable_taxes: Vec<String>,
/// 争议解决条款建议
pub dispute_resolution_suggestion: String,
/// 语言要求
pub language_requirements: Vec<String>,
}
/// 合约验证错误
#[derive(Debug, Clone, thiserror::Error)]
pub enum ContractValidationError {
#[error("必填字段缺失: {field_name}")]
RequiredFieldMissing { field_name: String },
#[error("辖区不支持此合约类型: {jurisdiction}")]
UnsupportedJurisdiction { jurisdiction: String },
#[error("跨境合约缺少对应辖区")]
MissingCounterpartJurisdiction,
#[error("合约字段值无效: {field_name} - {reason}")]
InvalidFieldValue { field_name: String, reason: String },
}
/// 获取不动产买卖合约模板
pub fn get_real_estate_template(jurisdiction: &str) -> Option<ContractTemplate> {
real_estate::get_template(jurisdiction)
}
/// 获取商品跨境买卖合约模板
pub fn get_goods_trade_template(
seller_jurisdiction: &str,
buyer_jurisdiction: &str,
) -> Option<ContractTemplate> {
goods_trade::get_cross_border_template(seller_jurisdiction, buyer_jurisdiction)
}
/// 获取知识产权许可合约模板
pub fn get_ip_license_template(
licensor_jurisdiction: &str,
licensee_jurisdiction: &str,
) -> Option<ContractTemplate> {
ip_license::get_template(licensor_jurisdiction, licensee_jurisdiction)
}
/// 获取所有可用模板列表
pub fn list_all_templates() -> Vec<(String, ContractTemplateType, String)> {
let mut templates = Vec::new();
// 不动产模板
for jur in &["CN", "HK", "SG", "AE", "US", "DE", "FR", "JP", "KR", "AU", "GB"] {
templates.push((
format!("real_estate_{}", jur.to_lowercase()),
ContractTemplateType::RealEstateSale,
jur.to_string(),
));
}
// 商品跨境模板（主要贸易对）
let trade_pairs = vec![
("CN", "US"), ("CN", "EU"), ("CN", "JP"), ("CN", "SG"),
("EU", "US"), ("EU", "JP"), ("US", "JP"),
];
for (seller, buyer) in trade_pairs {
templates.push((
format!("goods_{}_{}", seller.to_lowercase(), buyer.to_lowercase()),
ContractTemplateType::GoodsSaleCrossBorder,
format!("{}-{}", seller, buyer),
));
}
// IP 许可模板
for jur in &["CN", "US", "EU", "JP"] {
templates.push((
format!("ip_license_{}", jur.to_lowercase()),
ContractTemplateType::IpLicense,
jur.to_string(),
));
}
templates
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_list_all_templates_not_empty() {
let templates = list_all_templates();
assert!(!templates.is_empty());
assert!(templates.len() >= 20);
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_real_estate_template_exists() {
let template = get_real_estate_template("CN");
assert!(template.is_some());
let t = template.unwrap();
assert_eq!(t.jurisdiction, "CN");
assert!(!t.required_fields.is_empty());
}
#[test]
fn test_de_real_estate_requires_notarization() {
let template = get_real_estate_template("DE");
assert!(template.is_some());
let t = template.unwrap();
// 德国不动产合约必须有公证要求
assert!(t.special_requirements.iter().any(|r| r.contains("公证") || r.contains("Notar")));
}
#[test]
fn test_ae_real_estate_requires_noc() {
let template = get_real_estate_template("AE");
assert!(template.is_some());
let t = template.unwrap();
// 阿联酋不动产合约必须有 NOC
assert!(
t.required_attachments.iter().any(|a| a.contains("NOC"))
|| t.special_requirements.iter().any(|r| r.contains("NOC"))
);
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_us_goods_trade_template() {
let template = get_goods_trade_template("CN", "US");
assert!(template.is_some());
let t = template.unwrap();
// 跨境商品合约必须包含 Incoterms
assert!(
t.required_fields.iter().any(|f| f.name.contains("incoterms") || f.label.contains("Incoterms"))
|| t.optional_fields.iter().any(|f| f.name.contains("incoterms"))
);
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_eu_goods_trade_has_customs() {
let template = get_goods_trade_template("CN", "EU");
assert!(template.is_some());
let t = template.unwrap();
// 中欧贸易必须有海关/报关要求
assert!(
t.required_attachments.iter().any(|a| a.contains("报关") || a.contains("Customs"))
|| t.special_requirements.iter().any(|r| r.contains("报关") || r.contains("海关"))
);
}
#[test]
fn test_ip_license_cn_us_template() {
let template = get_ip_license_template("CN", "US");
assert!(template.is_some());
let t = template.unwrap();
assert!(!t.required_fields.is_empty());
// IP许可合约必须包含许可范围字段
assert!(
t.required_fields.iter().any(|f| f.name.contains("scope") || f.label.contains("许可范围"))
);
}
#[test]
fn test_jp_real_estate_has_judicial_scrivener() {
let template = get_real_estate_template("JP");
assert!(template.is_some());
let t = template.unwrap();
// 日本不动产合约建议司法书士
assert!(
t.special_requirements.iter().any(|r| r.contains("司法书士") || r.contains("登记"))
);
}
#[test]
fn test_us_real_estate_has_title_insurance() {
let template = get_real_estate_template("US");
assert!(template.is_some());
let t = template.unwrap();
// 美国不动产合约必须有产权保险
assert!(
t.required_attachments.iter().any(|a| a.contains("Title Insurance") || a.contains("产权保险"))
|| t.special_requirements.iter().any(|r| r.contains("Title Insurance"))
);
}
#[test]
fn test_all_real_estate_templates_have_required_fields() {
let jurisdictions = vec!["CN", "HK", "SG", "AE", "US", "DE", "FR", "JP", "KR", "AU", "GB"];
for jur in jurisdictions {
let template = get_real_estate_template(jur);
assert!(template.is_some(), "辖区 {} 缺少不动产模板", jur);
let t = template.unwrap();
assert!(!t.required_fields.is_empty(), "辖区 {} 不动产模板缺少必填字段", jur);
assert!(!t.applicable_taxes.is_empty(), "辖区 {} 不动产模板缺少税收信息", jur);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_goods_trade_bill_of_lading_required() {
// 所有跨境商品合约都应要求提单
let pairs = vec![("CN", "US"), ("CN", "EU"), ("EU", "JP")];
for (seller, buyer) in pairs {
let template = get_goods_trade_template(seller, buyer);
assert!(template.is_some(), "{}-{} 跨境商品模板不存在", seller, buyer);
let t = template.unwrap();
assert!(
t.required_attachments.iter().any(|a| a.contains("提单") || a.contains("Bill of Lading") || a.contains("B/L")),
"{}-{} 跨境商品模板缺少提单要求",
seller,
buyer
);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_ip_license_royalty_field_required() {
let template = get_ip_license_template("US", "CN");
assert!(template.is_some());
let t = template.unwrap();
// IP许可合约必须包含许可费/版税字段
assert!(
t.required_fields.iter().any(|f| f.name.contains("royalty") || f.label.contains("许可费") || f.label.contains("版税"))
);
}
#[test]
fn test_contract_template_type_variants() {
let types = vec![
ContractTemplateType::RealEstateSale,
ContractTemplateType::GoodsSaleDomestic,
ContractTemplateType::GoodsSaleCrossBorder,
ContractTemplateType::IpLicense,
ContractTemplateType::IpAssignment,
ContractTemplateType::IslamicMurabaha,
ContractTemplateType::IslamicIjara,
];
assert_eq!(types.len(), 7);
}
}

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nac-rwa-contract-templates/src/real_estate.rs Normal file
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18
nac-rwa-jurisdiction-adapters/Cargo.toml Normal file
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[package]
name = "nac-rwa-jurisdiction-adapters"
version = "1.0.0"
edition = "2021"
description = "NAC RWA 全球核心辖区适配器 — CN/HK/SG/AE/US/EU-DE/EU-FR/JP/KR/AU/GB"
authors = ["NAC Development Team"]
[lib]
name = "nac_rwa_jurisdiction_adapters"
path = "src/lib.rs"
[lints.rust]
warnings = "deny"
[dependencies]
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
thiserror = "1.0"
nac-rwa-legal-model = { path = "../nac-rwa-legal-model" }

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// 阿联酋（AE）辖区适配器
// 法律体系：混合法系（民法+伊斯兰法）
// 主要法律：《联邦民法典》《公司法》《不动产登记法》《迪拜土地局条例》
use crate::{
AssetCategorySupport, AssetTransferTaxSummary, DisputeResolutionPreference,
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions, JurisdictionAdapter, RealEstateRegistrationReq,
RegulatoryBody, ValidationResult,
};
use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, FinancialAssetSubtype, LegalSystem};
pub struct AeAdapter;
impl JurisdictionAdapter for AeAdapter {
fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str { "AE" }
fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str { "阿拉伯联合酋长国" }
fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem {
LegalSystem::Mixed(
Box::new(LegalSystem::CivilLaw),
Box::new(LegalSystem::ShariaLaw),
)
}
fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport> {
vec![
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产（指定外资区域）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("外资只能在指定的Freehold区域购买不动产（迪拜约60个区域）".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["迪拜土地局（DLD）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "伊斯兰金融产品（Sukuk）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须符合伊斯兰金融标准委员会（AAOIFI）标准".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["阿联酋证券商品监管局（SCA）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "虚拟资产".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须持有VARA（迪拜虚拟资产监管局）或ADGM/DIFC牌照".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["VARA/ADGM/DIFC".to_string()],
},
]
}
fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq {
RealEstateRegistrationReq {
registry_authority: "迪拜土地局（Dubai Land Department, DLD）/ 阿布扎比市政局".to_string(),
notarization_required: true,
notary_authority: Some("迪拜土地局公证处".to_string()),
registration_process: "签订MOU（备忘录）→ 卖方获取NOC（无异议证明）→ 买卖双方到DLD办理 → 缴纳转让费 → 完成产权登记（Title Deed）".to_string(),
foreign_buyer_restrictions: Some("外资只能在Freehold指定区域购买；非居民可购买，无国籍限制".to_string()),
required_documents: vec![
"护照（买卖双方）".to_string(),
"MOU（备忘录）".to_string(),
"NOC（无异议证明，开发商出具）".to_string(),
"Form A（卖方委托书）".to_string(),
"Form B（买方委托书）".to_string(),
"Form F（最终合约）".to_string(),
"转让费缴纳证明（4%）".to_string(),
],
typical_completion_days: 30,
registration_fee_pct: 0.04, // DLD 转让费 4%
}
}
fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
has_fdi_review: false,
review_authority: None,
prohibited_sectors: vec![
"石油天然气（国家垄断）".to_string(),
],
restricted_sectors: vec![
"银行（外资持股≤49%，部分豁免）".to_string(),
"保险（外资持股≤49%，部分豁免）".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: Some("外资只能在Freehold指定区域购买不动产".to_string()),
legal_basis: "《外商投资法》（2020年）允许外资100%持股（除负面清单外）".to_string(),
}
}
fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody> {
vec![
RegulatoryBody {
name: "阿联酋证券商品监管局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "SCA".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "证券、商品、基金监管".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.sca.gov.ae".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "迪拜虚拟资产监管局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "VARA".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "虚拟资产监管".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.vara.ae".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "迪拜土地局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "DLD".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "不动产登记、产权管理".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.dubailand.gov.ae".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "阿联酋中央银行".to_string(),
abbreviation: "CBUAE".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "银行、支付、反洗钱".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.centralbank.ae".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "迪拜国际金融中心".to_string(),
abbreviation: "DIFC".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "金融服务（独立法律体系）".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.difc.ae".to_string()),
},
]
}
fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary {
AssetTransferTaxSummary {
real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: Some(0.04), // DLD 转让费 4%
real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: None,
stamp_duty: None, // 阿联酋无印花税
capital_gains_tax_resident: None, // 阿联酋无资本利得税
capital_gains_tax_nonresident: None,
vat_or_gst: Some(0.05), // VAT 5%（商业交易）
withholding_tax_dividend: None, // 无预提税
withholding_tax_interest: None,
withholding_tax_royalty: None,
notes: Some("阿联酋无个人所得税、无资本利得税、无遗产税；不动产转让费4%（DLD）；VAT 5%适用于商业交易".to_string()),
}
}
fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference {
DisputeResolutionPreference {
real_estate: "迪拜土地局争议解决中心（RERA）/迪拜法院".to_string(),
goods_trade: "迪拜国际仲裁中心（DIAC）/ICC".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "DIFC法院/DIAC".to_string(),
financial: "DIFC法院（英语普通法体系）/DIAC".to_string(),
new_york_convention_member: true,
}
}
fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&self,
asset: &AssetCategory,
is_foreign_entity: bool,
) -> ValidationResult {
match asset {
AssetCategory::RealEstate(_) => {
if is_foreign_entity {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须在DLD指定的Freehold区域内购买".to_string(),
"须缴纳4%转让费".to_string(),
"须完成NOC和Form F手续".to_string(),
])
} else {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须缴纳4%转让费".to_string(),
"须在DLD完成产权登记".to_string(),
])
}
}
AssetCategory::FinancialAsset(subtype) => {
match subtype {
FinancialAssetSubtype::Sukuk => ValidationResult::Approved,
FinancialAssetSubtype::Bond => {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"普通债券在阿联酋需注意Sharia合规要求".to_string(),
"建议使用Sukuk结构替代".to_string(),
])
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
}

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// 澳大利亚（AU）辖区适配器
// 法律体系：普通法系（英国法影响）
// 主要法律：《托伦斯土地所有权法》《外国收购和接管法》《公司法》
use crate::{
AssetCategorySupport, AssetTransferTaxSummary, DisputeResolutionPreference,
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions, JurisdictionAdapter, RealEstateRegistrationReq,
RegulatoryBody, ValidationResult,
};
use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, LegalSystem};
pub struct AuAdapter;
impl JurisdictionAdapter for AuAdapter {
fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str { "AU" }
fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str { "澳大利亚联邦" }
fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem { LegalSystem::CommonLaw }
fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport> {
vec![
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产（新建住宅）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("外资通常只能购买新建住宅，不能购买二手住宅（需FIRB批准）".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["外国投资审查委员会（FIRB）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产（商业）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("超过门槛金额须FIRB审批（敏感土地更低门槛）".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["外国投资审查委员会（FIRB）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "证券/股权".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须符合澳大利亚证券投资委员会（ASIC）要求".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["澳大利亚证券投资委员会（ASIC）".to_string()],
},
]
}
fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq {
RealEstateRegistrationReq {
registry_authority: "各州土地产权局（Titles Office/Land Registry Services）".to_string(),
notarization_required: false,
notary_authority: None,
registration_process: "签订买卖合同（Contract of Sale）→ 冷静期（各州不同）→ 外资须申请FIRB批准 → 交割（Settlement）→ 在州土地产权局完成产权转移登记".to_string(),
foreign_buyer_restrictions: Some("外资通常只能购买新建住宅；购买二手住宅须FIRB特别批准；须缴纳外资附加印花税（各州不同，约7%-8%）".to_string()),
required_documents: vec![
"买卖合同（Contract of Sale）".to_string(),
"FIRB批准函（外资）".to_string(),
"护照/身份证".to_string(),
"印花税缴纳证明".to_string(),
"转让文件（Transfer of Land）".to_string(),
],
typical_completion_days: 60,
registration_fee_pct: 0.001,
}
}
fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
has_fdi_review: true,
review_authority: Some("外国投资审查委员会（FIRB）".to_string()),
prohibited_sectors: vec![
"媒体（部分）".to_string(),
"国防（部分）".to_string(),
],
restricted_sectors: vec![
"农业土地（门槛15百万澳元）".to_string(),
"关键基础设施".to_string(),
"住宅不动产（外资限购新建）".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: Some("外资通常只能购买新建住宅；须FIRB批准；须缴纳外资附加印花税".to_string()),
legal_basis: "《外国收购和接管法》（FATA 1975）".to_string(),
}
}
fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody> {
vec![
RegulatoryBody {
name: "澳大利亚证券投资委员会".to_string(),
abbreviation: "ASIC".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "证券、公司、金融服务".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.asic.gov.au".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "外国投资审查委员会".to_string(),
abbreviation: "FIRB".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "外资审查".to_string(),
website: Some("https://firb.gov.au".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "澳大利亚审慎监管局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "APRA".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "银行、保险、养老金".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.apra.gov.au".to_string()),
},
]
}
fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary {
AssetTransferTaxSummary {
real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: Some(0.055), // 印花税约3%-5.5%（各州不同）
real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: None,
stamp_duty: Some(0.08), // 外资附加印花税约7%-8%
capital_gains_tax_resident: Some(0.45), // 最高边际税率45%（持有1年以上50%折扣）
capital_gains_tax_nonresident: Some(0.30),
vat_or_gst: Some(0.10), // GST 10%（新建住宅）
withholding_tax_dividend: Some(0.30), // 股息预提税30%（非居民，DTA可降低）
withholding_tax_interest: Some(0.10),
withholding_tax_royalty: Some(0.30),
notes: Some("外资附加印花税各州7%-8%；持有不动产超1年资本利得税享50%折扣；新建住宅适用GST 10%".to_string()),
}
}
fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference {
DisputeResolutionPreference {
real_estate: "各州法院（Supreme Court）".to_string(),
goods_trade: "澳大利亚国际商事仲裁中心（ACICA）/ICC".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "联邦法院/ACICA".to_string(),
financial: "澳大利亚金融投诉局（AFCA）/ACICA".to_string(),
new_york_convention_member: true,
}
}
fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&self,
asset: &AssetCategory,
is_foreign_entity: bool,
) -> ValidationResult {
match asset {
AssetCategory::RealEstate(_) => {
if is_foreign_entity {
ValidationResult::RequiresGovernmentApproval(
"外资购买澳大利亚不动产须事先获得FIRB批准；通常只能购买新建住宅".to_string(),
)
} else {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须缴纳印花税".to_string(),
"须在州土地产权局完成产权转移登记".to_string(),
])
}
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
}

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// 中国（CN）辖区适配器
// 法律体系：大陆法系（社会主义法律体系）
// 主要法律：《民法典》《不动产登记暂行条例》《外商投资法》《个人信息保护法》
use crate::{
AssetCategorySupport, AssetTransferTaxSummary, DisputeResolutionPreference,
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions, JurisdictionAdapter, RealEstateRegistrationReq,
RegulatoryBody, ValidationResult,
};
use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, IPSubtype, LegalSystem, RealEstateSubtype};
pub struct CnAdapter;
impl JurisdictionAdapter for CnAdapter {
fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str {
"CN"
}
fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str {
"中华人民共和国"
}
fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem {
LegalSystem::CivilLaw
}
fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport> {
vec![
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产（住宅）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: false, // 外资购买住宅受限
restrictions: Some("外资个人须在中国境内工作或学习满1年；外资机构不得购买非自用住宅".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["不动产登记中心".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产（商业）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("外资商业地产须符合外商投资准入负面清单".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["商务部/地方政府审批".to_string(), "不动产登记中心".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产（工业）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须通过外商投资企业形式持有".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["商务部".to_string(), "自然资源部".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "知识产权（专利）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: None,
required_approvals: vec!["国家知识产权局（CNIPA）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "知识产权（商标）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: None,
required_approvals: vec!["国家知识产权局商标局".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "大宗商品".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("部分战略物资受出口管制".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["商务部".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "金融资产（股权）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("A股外资持股比例限制；部分行业外资股比上限".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["中国证监会（CSRC）".to_string()],
},
]
}
fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq {
RealEstateRegistrationReq {
registry_authority: "自然资源部不动产登记中心（各地不动产登记局）".to_string(),
notarization_required: false, // 中国不强制公证，但实践中常用
notary_authority: None,
registration_process: "签订买卖合同 → 网签备案（住宅必须）→ 缴纳税费 → 申请不动产登记 → 领取不动产权证".to_string(),
foreign_buyer_restrictions: Some("外资个人须提供在华工作/学习证明；外资机构须通过外商投资企业持有".to_string()),
required_documents: vec![
"买卖合同（网签版）".to_string(),
"身份证/护照（买卖双方）".to_string(),
"不动产权证（卖方）".to_string(),
"契税完税证明".to_string(),
"增值税完税证明（满2年豁免）".to_string(),
"个人所得税完税证明（卖方）".to_string(),
"婚姻状况证明（已婚须配偶同意书）".to_string(),
],
typical_completion_days: 30,
registration_fee_pct: 0.003, // 0.3%
}
}
fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
has_fdi_review: true,
review_authority: Some("商务部/国家发展改革委（外商投资安全审查机制）".to_string()),
prohibited_sectors: vec![
"新闻媒体".to_string(),
"互联网新闻信息服务".to_string(),
"网络出版服务".to_string(),
"网络视听节目服务".to_string(),
"互联网文化经营".to_string(),
"网络游戏运营（部分）".to_string(),
"学前教育、普通高中和高等教育机构".to_string(),
"中国法律服务机构".to_string(),
"社会调查".to_string(),
"放射性矿产勘查开采".to_string(),
],
restricted_sectors: vec![
"电信（增值电信服务外资股比≤50%）".to_string(),
"金融（银行/保险/证券外资股比限制）".to_string(),
"汽车制造（部分合资要求）".to_string(),
"文化（出版/影视合拍）".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: Some("外资购买住宅须满足自用条件；商业地产须符合准入负面清单".to_string()),
legal_basis: "《外商投资法》《外商投资准入特别管理措施（负面清单）》".to_string(),
}
}
fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody> {
vec![
RegulatoryBody {
name: "中国证券监督管理委员会".to_string(),
abbreviation: "CSRC".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "证券、期货、基金监管".to_string(),
website: Some("http://www.csrc.gov.cn".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "中国人民银行".to_string(),
abbreviation: "PBOC".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "货币政策、支付清算、反洗钱".to_string(),
website: Some("http://www.pbc.gov.cn".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "国家金融监督管理总局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "NFRA".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "银行、保险监管".to_string(),
website: Some("http://www.nfra.gov.cn".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "自然资源部".to_string(),
abbreviation: "MNR".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "不动产登记、土地管理".to_string(),
website: Some("http://www.mnr.gov.cn".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "国家知识产权局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "CNIPA".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "专利、商标、版权".to_string(),
website: Some("http://www.cnipa.gov.cn".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "商务部".to_string(),
abbreviation: "MOFCOM".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "外商投资审批、对外贸易".to_string(),
website: Some("http://www.mofcom.gov.cn".to_string()),
},
]
}
fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary {
AssetTransferTaxSummary {
real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: Some(0.03), // 契税 1%-3%（首套1%，二套3%）
real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: Some(0.01), // 增值税（满2年豁免）
stamp_duty: Some(0.0005), // 印花税 0.05%
capital_gains_tax_resident: Some(0.20), // 个人所得税 20%（差价）
capital_gains_tax_nonresident: Some(0.20),
vat_or_gst: Some(0.05), // 增值税 5%（不满2年）
withholding_tax_dividend: Some(0.10), // 股息预提税 10%（非居民）
withholding_tax_interest: Some(0.10),
withholding_tax_royalty: Some(0.10),
notes: Some("契税：首套房1%，二套房3%；增值税：不满2年5%，满2年普通住宅免征；个税：满5年唯一住房免征".to_string()),
}
}
fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference {
DisputeResolutionPreference {
real_estate: "人民法院（物权纠纷适用不动产所在地法院）".to_string(),
goods_trade: "中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（CIETAC）/人民法院".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "知识产权法院/CIETAC".to_string(),
financial: "中国证券期货市场纠纷调解中心/仲裁".to_string(),
new_york_convention_member: true,
}
}
fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&self,
asset: &AssetCategory,
is_foreign_entity: bool,
) -> ValidationResult {
match asset {
AssetCategory::RealEstate(subtype) => {
if is_foreign_entity {
match subtype {
RealEstateSubtype::Residential => {
ValidationResult::RequiresGovernmentApproval(
"外资购买住宅须满足在华工作/学习满1年条件，并向不动产登记中心申请".to_string(),
)
}
RealEstateSubtype::Commercial | RealEstateSubtype::Industrial => {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须通过外商投资企业形式持有".to_string(),
"须符合外商投资准入负面清单".to_string(),
"须向商务部备案或审批".to_string(),
])
}
_ => ValidationResult::RequiresGovernmentApproval(
"外资购买特殊类型不动产须专项审批".to_string(),
),
}
} else {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须完成网签备案".to_string(),
"须缴纳契税、增值税、个税".to_string(),
"须在不动产登记中心完成产权转移登记".to_string(),
])
}
}
AssetCategory::IntellectualProperty(subtype) => {
match subtype {
IPSubtype::InventionPatent | IPSubtype::UtilityModel | IPSubtype::DesignPatent => {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须在国家知识产权局完成专利权转让登记".to_string(),
"转让合同须经CNIPA备案".to_string(),
])
}
IPSubtype::Trademark => {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须在国家知识产权局商标局完成商标权转让登记".to_string(),
])
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
AssetCategory::FinancialAsset(_) => {
if is_foreign_entity {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须符合外资持股比例限制".to_string(),
"须通过QFII/RQFII/沪深港通等合规渠道".to_string(),
])
} else {
ValidationResult::Approved
}
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
}

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// 德国（EU-DE）辖区适配器
// 法律体系：大陆法系（德国法）
// 主要法律：《民法典》（BGB）《土地登记条例》（GBO）《公证人法》
use crate::{
AssetCategorySupport, AssetTransferTaxSummary, DisputeResolutionPreference,
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions, JurisdictionAdapter, RealEstateRegistrationReq,
RegulatoryBody, ValidationResult,
};
use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, LegalSystem};
pub struct EuDeAdapter;
impl JurisdictionAdapter for EuDeAdapter {
fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str { "DE" }
fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str { "德意志联邦共和国" }
fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem { LegalSystem::CivilLaw }
fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport> {
vec![
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须通过公证人（Notar）签署合同，否则合同无效".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["公证人（Notar）".to_string(), "土地登记处（Grundbuchamt）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "证券/股权".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须符合欧盟MiFID II和德国证券法".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["联邦金融监管局（BaFin）".to_string()],
},
]
}
fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq {
RealEstateRegistrationReq {
registry_authority: "土地登记处（Grundbuchamt，隶属地方法院）".to_string(),
notarization_required: true, // 德国法律强制要求公证
notary_authority: Some("公证人（Notar）——德国公证人是独立的法律职业，非律师".to_string()),
registration_process: "买卖双方在公证人面前签署公证合同（Notarvertrag）→ 公证人申请预告登记（Auflassungsvormerkung）→ 缴纳土地转让税（GrESt）→ 公证人申请正式产权转移登记（Auflassung）→ 土地登记处完成登记".to_string(),
foreign_buyer_restrictions: Some("欧盟内无限制；非欧盟买家通常无限制，但部分战略资产可能受审查".to_string()),
required_documents: vec![
"公证合同（Notarvertrag）".to_string(),
"护照/身份证".to_string(),
"土地转让税完税证明（Unbedenklichkeitsbescheinigung）".to_string(),
"土地登记摘录（Grundbuchauszug）".to_string(),
"能源证书（Energieausweis）".to_string(),
"建筑许可证（如适用）".to_string(),
],
typical_completion_days: 90,
registration_fee_pct: 0.015, // 公证费+登记费约1.5%-2%
}
}
fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
has_fdi_review: true,
review_authority: Some("联邦经济和气候保护部（BMWK）".to_string()),
prohibited_sectors: vec![],
restricted_sectors: vec![
"关键基础设施（能源/水/电信）".to_string(),
"国防技术".to_string(),
"人工智能/量子计算（敏感技术）".to_string(),
"媒体（部分）".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: Some("无特殊限制，但涉及关键基础设施附近的不动产可能受审查".to_string()),
legal_basis: "《对外经济法》（AWG）§55及《对外经济条例》（AWV）".to_string(),
}
}
fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody> {
vec![
RegulatoryBody {
name: "联邦金融监管局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "BaFin".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "银行、保险、证券、加密资产监管".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.bafin.de".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "联邦经济和气候保护部".to_string(),
abbreviation: "BMWK".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "外资审查".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.bmwk.de".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "德国专利商标局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "DPMA".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "专利、商标、版权".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.dpma.de".to_string()),
},
]
}
fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary {
AssetTransferTaxSummary {
real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: Some(0.065), // GrESt 3.5%-6.5%（各州不同）
real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: None,
stamp_duty: None,
capital_gains_tax_resident: Some(0.25), // 资本利得税 25%（Abgeltungsteuer）
capital_gains_tax_nonresident: Some(0.25),
vat_or_gst: Some(0.19), // 增值税 19%（商业交易）
withholding_tax_dividend: Some(0.25), // 股息预提税 25%
withholding_tax_interest: Some(0.25),
withholding_tax_royalty: Some(0.15),
notes: Some("土地转让税（GrESt）各州3.5%-6.5%；公证费约1%-1.5%；中介费约3%-7%".to_string()),
}
}
fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference {
DisputeResolutionPreference {
real_estate: "地方法院/州法院（Amtsgericht/Landgericht）".to_string(),
goods_trade: "德国仲裁协会（DIS）/ICC".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "德国联邦专利法院/DIS".to_string(),
financial: "BaFin调解/DIS/法院".to_string(),
new_york_convention_member: true,
}
}
fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&self,
asset: &AssetCategory,
_is_foreign_entity: bool,
) -> ValidationResult {
match asset {
AssetCategory::RealEstate(_) => {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"必须通过公证人（Notar）签署公证合同，否则合同无效（BGB §311b）".to_string(),
"须在土地登记处（Grundbuchamt）完成产权转移登记".to_string(),
"须缴纳土地转让税（GrESt）3.5%-6.5%".to_string(),
"须申请预告登记（Auflassungsvormerkung）保护买方权益".to_string(),
])
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
}

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// 法国（EU-FR）辖区适配器
// 法律体系：大陆法系（拿破仑法典体系）
// 主要法律：《民法典》（Code Civil）《土地公示法》《商法典》
use crate::{
AssetCategorySupport, AssetTransferTaxSummary, DisputeResolutionPreference,
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions, JurisdictionAdapter, RealEstateRegistrationReq,
RegulatoryBody, ValidationResult,
};
use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, LegalSystem};
pub struct EuFrAdapter;
impl JurisdictionAdapter for EuFrAdapter {
fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str { "FR" }
fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str { "法兰西共和国" }
fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem { LegalSystem::CivilLaw }
fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport> {
vec![
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须通过公证人（Notaire）签署，否则合同无效".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["公证人（Notaire）".to_string(), "土地公示局（Service de la publicité foncière）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "证券/股权".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须符合欧盟MiFID II和法国金融法".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["法国金融市场管理局（AMF）".to_string()],
},
]
}
fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq {
RealEstateRegistrationReq {
registry_authority: "土地公示局（Service de la publicité foncière）".to_string(),
notarization_required: true,
notary_authority: Some("公证人（Notaire）——法国公证人是国家官员".to_string()),
registration_process: "签订预售合同（Compromis de vente）→ 冷静期（10天）→ 公证人准备正式合同 → 签署公证合同（Acte authentique）→ 缴纳税费 → 土地公示登记".to_string(),
foreign_buyer_restrictions: Some("欧盟内无限制；非欧盟买家通常无限制".to_string()),
required_documents: vec![
"预售合同（Compromis de vente）".to_string(),
"公证合同（Acte authentique）".to_string(),
"护照/身份证".to_string(),
"诊断报告（DPE能源诊断等）".to_string(),
"产权证明文件".to_string(),
],
typical_completion_days: 90,
registration_fee_pct: 0.08, // 公证费+税约7%-8%
}
}
fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
has_fdi_review: true,
review_authority: Some("法国经济部（DGT）".to_string()),
prohibited_sectors: vec![],
restricted_sectors: vec![
"国防".to_string(),
"关键基础设施（能源/水/电信）".to_string(),
"人工智能/量子计算".to_string(),
"媒体".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: None,
legal_basis: "《货币和金融法典》L151-3条".to_string(),
}
}
fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody> {
vec![
RegulatoryBody {
name: "法国金融市场管理局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "AMF".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "证券、基金、数字资产（PSAN）".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.amf-france.org".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "法国审慎监管和处置局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "ACPR".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "银行、保险监管".to_string(),
website: Some("https://acpr.banque-france.fr".to_string()),
},
]
}
fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary {
AssetTransferTaxSummary {
real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: Some(0.058), // 注册税约5.8%
real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: None,
stamp_duty: None,
capital_gains_tax_resident: Some(0.30), // 资本利得税30%（含社会税）
capital_gains_tax_nonresident: Some(0.36),
vat_or_gst: Some(0.20), // 增值税 20%
withholding_tax_dividend: Some(0.128), // 股息预提税12.8%（居民），30%（非居民）
withholding_tax_interest: Some(0.128),
withholding_tax_royalty: Some(0.33),
notes: Some("不动产注册税约5.8%（旧房）；新房适用增值税20%；资本利得税30%（含17.2%社会税）".to_string()),
}
}
fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference {
DisputeResolutionPreference {
real_estate: "法国法院（物权适用不动产所在地法）".to_string(),
goods_trade: "国际商会仲裁院（ICC，总部巴黎）".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "法国知识产权法院/ICC".to_string(),
financial: "AMF调解/ICC/法国商事法院".to_string(),
new_york_convention_member: true,
}
}
fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&self,
asset: &AssetCategory,
_is_foreign_entity: bool,
) -> ValidationResult {
match asset {
AssetCategory::RealEstate(_) => {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"必须通过公证人（Notaire）签署公证合同，否则合同无效".to_string(),
"须完成10天冷静期（买方保护）".to_string(),
"须在土地公示局完成登记".to_string(),
"须缴纳注册税约5.8%（旧房）或增值税20%（新房）".to_string(),
])
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
}

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// 英国（GB）辖区适配器
// 法律体系：普通法系
// 主要法律：《土地登记法》（2002）《印花税土地税法》《金融服务和市场法》（FSMA 2000）
use crate::{
AssetCategorySupport, AssetTransferTaxSummary, DisputeResolutionPreference,
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions, JurisdictionAdapter, RealEstateRegistrationReq,
RegulatoryBody, ValidationResult,
};
use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, LegalSystem};
pub struct GbAdapter;
impl JurisdictionAdapter for GbAdapter {
fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str { "GB" }
fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str { "大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国" }
fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem { LegalSystem::CommonLaw }
fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport> {
vec![
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("外资可自由购买；须披露最终受益所有人（UBO）".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["英国土地注册局（HM Land Registry）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "证券/股权".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须符合FCA监管要求".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["金融行为监管局（FCA）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "加密资产".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须在FCA完成加密资产业务注册".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["金融行为监管局（FCA）".to_string()],
},
]
}
fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq {
RealEstateRegistrationReq {
registry_authority: "英国土地注册局（HM Land Registry）".to_string(),
notarization_required: false,
notary_authority: None,
registration_process: "签订交换合同（Exchange of Contracts）→ 缴纳印花税土地税（SDLT，30天内）→ 完成交割（Completion）→ 向HM Land Registry申请产权登记（AP1表格）".to_string(),
foreign_buyer_restrictions: Some("外资可自由购买；海外实体须在英国海外实体登记册（ROE）登记并披露UBO".to_string()),
required_documents: vec![
"买卖合同（Contract for Sale）".to_string(),
"产权文件（Title Deeds/Official Copies）".to_string(),
"护照/身份证".to_string(),
"SDLT申报表（SDLT1）".to_string(),
"转让契约（TR1 Transfer Deed）".to_string(),
"海外实体登记证明（海外实体）".to_string(),
],
typical_completion_days: 90,
registration_fee_pct: 0.001,
}
}
fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
has_fdi_review: true,
review_authority: Some("商务、能源和工业战略部（BEIS）/国家安全和投资局（NSI）".to_string()),
prohibited_sectors: vec![],
restricted_sectors: vec![
"国防".to_string(),
"关键基础设施（能源/水/电信）".to_string(),
"人工智能".to_string(),
"量子技术".to_string(),
"半导体".to_string(),
"军民两用技术".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: Some("海外实体须在ROE登记并披露UBO".to_string()),
legal_basis: "《国家安全和投资法》（NSI Act 2021）".to_string(),
}
}
fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody> {
vec![
RegulatoryBody {
name: "金融行为监管局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "FCA".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "银行、证券、保险、加密资产".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.fca.org.uk".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "审慎监管局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "PRA".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "系统重要性金融机构审慎监管".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "英国土地注册局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "HMLR".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "不动产登记".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/land-registry".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "英国知识产权局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "IPO".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "专利、商标、版权".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/intellectual-property-office".to_string()),
},
]
}
fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary {
AssetTransferTaxSummary {
real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: Some(0.12), // SDLT 最高12%（住宅）
real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: None,
stamp_duty: Some(0.02), // 海外买家附加2%
capital_gains_tax_resident: Some(0.24), // 不动产资本利得税24%（2024年起）
capital_gains_tax_nonresident: Some(0.24),
vat_or_gst: Some(0.20), // VAT 20%（商业不动产）
withholding_tax_dividend: Some(0.00), // 英国无股息预提税（居民）
withholding_tax_interest: Some(0.20),
withholding_tax_royalty: Some(0.20),
notes: Some("SDLT：住宅最高12%，海外买家额外+2%；不动产CGT 24%（2024年预算案）；商业不动产VAT 20%".to_string()),
}
}
fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference {
DisputeResolutionPreference {
real_estate: "英格兰和威尔士高等法院（Chancery Division）".to_string(),
goods_trade: "伦敦国际仲裁院（LCIA）/ICC".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "英国知识产权企业法院/LCIA".to_string(),
financial: "金融监察专员服务（FOS）/LCIA".to_string(),
new_york_convention_member: true,
}
}
fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&self,
asset: &AssetCategory,
is_foreign_entity: bool,
) -> ValidationResult {
match asset {
AssetCategory::RealEstate(_) => {
if is_foreign_entity {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"海外实体须在英国海外实体登记册（ROE）登记并披露UBO".to_string(),
"须缴纳SDLT（含海外买家附加2%）".to_string(),
"须在HM Land Registry完成产权登记".to_string(),
])
} else {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须缴纳SDLT（30天内申报）".to_string(),
"须在HM Land Registry完成产权登记".to_string(),
])
}
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
}

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// 香港（HK）辖区适配器
// 法律体系：普通法系（英美法系）
// 主要法律：《土地注册条例》《印花税条例》《公司条例》《证券及期货条例》
use crate::{
AssetCategorySupport, AssetTransferTaxSummary, DisputeResolutionPreference,
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions, JurisdictionAdapter, RealEstateRegistrationReq,
RegulatoryBody, ValidationResult,
};
use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, LegalSystem};
pub struct HkAdapter;
impl JurisdictionAdapter for HkAdapter {
fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str { "HK" }
fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str { "中国香港特别行政区" }
fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem { LegalSystem::CommonLaw }
fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport> {
vec![
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产（住宅/商业/工业）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("外资可自由购买，但需缴纳额外印花税（BSD 15%）".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["土地注册处".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "证券/股权".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: None,
required_approvals: vec!["香港证监会（SFC）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "虚拟资产（合规）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须持有SFC颁发的虚拟资产服务提供商（VASP）牌照".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["香港证监会（SFC）VASP牌照".to_string()],
},
]
}
fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq {
RealEstateRegistrationReq {
registry_authority: "土地注册处（Land Registry）".to_string(),
notarization_required: false,
notary_authority: None,
registration_process: "签订临时买卖合约（PASP）→ 签订正式买卖合约（ASP）→ 缴纳印花税 → 完成交割 → 在土地注册处登记".to_string(),
foreign_buyer_restrictions: Some("外资买家须缴纳买家印花税（BSD）15%，加上从价印花税（AVD）最高15%".to_string()),
required_documents: vec![
"临时买卖合约（PASP）".to_string(),
"正式买卖合约（ASP）".to_string(),
"身份证/护照".to_string(),
"印花税缴纳证明".to_string(),
"按揭文件（如适用）".to_string(),
"律师行转让契（Assignment）".to_string(),
],
typical_completion_days: 60,
registration_fee_pct: 0.001,
}
}
fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
has_fdi_review: false,
review_authority: None,
prohibited_sectors: vec![],
restricted_sectors: vec![
"广播（须持牌）".to_string(),
"电讯（须持牌）".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: Some("外资可自由购买，但须缴纳买家印花税（BSD）15%".to_string()),
legal_basis: "香港基本法保障自由贸易和资本自由流动".to_string(),
}
}
fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody> {
vec![
RegulatoryBody {
name: "香港证券及期货事务监察委员会".to_string(),
abbreviation: "SFC".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "证券、期货、虚拟资产监管".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.sfc.hk".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "香港金融管理局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "HKMA".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "银行监管、货币政策".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.hkma.gov.hk".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "土地注册处".to_string(),
abbreviation: "LR".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "不动产登记".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.landreg.gov.hk".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "税务局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "IRD".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "税收征管".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.ird.gov.hk".to_string()),
},
]
}
fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary {
AssetTransferTaxSummary {
real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: Some(0.15), // AVD 最高 15%
real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: None, // 无卖方印花税（SSD 已于2023年取消）
stamp_duty: Some(0.15), // BSD（外资买家）15%
capital_gains_tax_resident: None, // 香港无资本利得税
capital_gains_tax_nonresident: None,
vat_or_gst: None, // 香港无增值税/消费税
withholding_tax_dividend: None, // 香港无股息预提税
withholding_tax_interest: None,
withholding_tax_royalty: Some(0.045), // 特许权使用费预提税 4.5%（非居民）
notes: Some("外资买家须缴纳BSD 15%+AVD最高15%=合计最高30%；香港无资本利得税和增值税".to_string()),
}
}
fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference {
DisputeResolutionPreference {
real_estate: "香港高等法院原讼法庭".to_string(),
goods_trade: "香港国际仲裁中心（HKIAC）".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "香港知识产权法院/HKIAC".to_string(),
financial: "HKIAC/香港高等法院".to_string(),
new_york_convention_member: true,
}
}
fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&self,
asset: &AssetCategory,
is_foreign_entity: bool,
) -> ValidationResult {
match asset {
AssetCategory::RealEstate(_) => {
if is_foreign_entity {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须缴纳买家印花税（BSD）15%".to_string(),
"须缴纳从价印花税（AVD）最高15%".to_string(),
"须通过持牌律师行完成转让".to_string(),
])
} else {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须缴纳从价印花税（AVD）".to_string(),
"须在土地注册处完成登记".to_string(),
])
}
}
AssetCategory::DigitalAsset(_) => {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须持有SFC颁发的VASP牌照".to_string(),
"须符合SFC虚拟资产监管框架".to_string(),
])
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
}

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// 日本（JP）辖区适配器
// 法律体系：大陆法系（德国法影响）
// 主要法律：《民法》《不动产登记法》《外汇及外国贸易法》（外为法）
use crate::{
AssetCategorySupport, AssetTransferTaxSummary, DisputeResolutionPreference,
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions, JurisdictionAdapter, RealEstateRegistrationReq,
RegulatoryBody, ValidationResult,
};
use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, LegalSystem};
pub struct JpAdapter;
impl JurisdictionAdapter for JpAdapter {
fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str { "JP" }
fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str { "日本国" }
fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem { LegalSystem::CivilLaw }
fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport> {
vec![
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("外资可自由购买，但须向法务局登记；农地购买受限".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["法务局（登记所）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "证券/股权".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("部分行业外资持股须事前申报（外为法）".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["金融厅（FSA）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "加密资产".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须持有金融厅颁发的加密资产交换业者登录".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["金融厅（FSA）".to_string()],
},
]
}
fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq {
RealEstateRegistrationReq {
registry_authority: "法务局（登记所）".to_string(),
notarization_required: false, // 日本不强制公证，但实践中常用司法书士
notary_authority: Some("司法书士（Judicial Scrivener）——协助办理登记手续".to_string()),
registration_process: "签订买卖合同 → 支付手付金（定金）→ 缴纳不动产取得税 → 司法书士办理所有权移转登记 → 法务局完成登记".to_string(),
foreign_buyer_restrictions: Some("外资可自由购买不动产；农地购买须农业委员会许可；外为法要求事前申报（部分情况）".to_string()),
required_documents: vec![
"买卖合同（売買契約書）".to_string(),
"登记原因证明信息（登記原因証明情報）".to_string(),
"印鉴证明（印鑑証明書）".to_string(),
"住民票/护照".to_string(),
"固定资产评价证明（固定資産評価証明書）".to_string(),
"登记识别信息（登記識別情報）".to_string(),
],
typical_completion_days: 30,
registration_fee_pct: 0.002, // 登记免许税约0.2%-2%
}
}
fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
has_fdi_review: true,
review_authority: Some("财务省/经济产业省（外为法事前申报）".to_string()),
prohibited_sectors: vec![],
restricted_sectors: vec![
"武器制造".to_string(),
"核能".to_string(),
"航空".to_string(),
"电信".to_string(),
"广播".to_string(),
"半导体（先进技术）".to_string(),
"农地".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: Some("农地购买须农业委员会许可；森林购买须向都道府县知事申报".to_string()),
legal_basis: "《外国為替及び外国貿易法》（外为法）".to_string(),
}
}
fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody> {
vec![
RegulatoryBody {
name: "金融厅".to_string(),
abbreviation: "FSA".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "银行、证券、保险、加密资产".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.fsa.go.jp".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "法务局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "MOJ".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "不动产登记".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.moj.go.jp".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "特许厅".to_string(),
abbreviation: "JPO".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "专利、商标、外观设计".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.jpo.go.jp".to_string()),
},
]
}
fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary {
AssetTransferTaxSummary {
real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: Some(0.04), // 不动产取得税 4%（土地3%）
real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: None,
stamp_duty: Some(0.0002), // 印纸税（按合同金额）
capital_gains_tax_resident: Some(0.20), // 资本利得税20.315%（含住民税）
capital_gains_tax_nonresident: Some(0.20),
vat_or_gst: Some(0.10), // 消费税 10%
withholding_tax_dividend: Some(0.15), // 股息预提税15.315%（非居民）
withholding_tax_interest: Some(0.15),
withholding_tax_royalty: Some(0.20),
notes: Some("不动产取得税4%；登记免许税2%（所有权移转）；固定资产税1.4%/年；消费税10%适用于商业不动产".to_string()),
}
}
fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference {
DisputeResolutionPreference {
real_estate: "日本法院（地方裁判所）".to_string(),
goods_trade: "日本商事仲裁机构（JCAA）/ICC".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "日本知识产权高等法院/JCAA".to_string(),
financial: "JCAA/日本证券业协会调解".to_string(),
new_york_convention_member: true,
}
}
fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&self,
asset: &AssetCategory,
is_foreign_entity: bool,
) -> ValidationResult {
match asset {
AssetCategory::RealEstate(_) => {
if is_foreign_entity {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须在法务局完成所有权移转登记".to_string(),
"须缴纳不动产取得税4%和登记免许税2%".to_string(),
"外为法要求：部分情况须事前申报".to_string(),
"建议委托司法书士办理登记手续".to_string(),
])
} else {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须在法务局完成所有权移转登记".to_string(),
"须缴纳不动产取得税和登记免许税".to_string(),
])
}
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
}

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// 韩国（KR）辖区适配器
// 法律体系：大陆法系（德国法影响）
// 主要法律：《民法》《不动产登记法》《外国人土地法》《外国汇兑法》
use crate::{
AssetCategorySupport, AssetTransferTaxSummary, DisputeResolutionPreference,
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions, JurisdictionAdapter, RealEstateRegistrationReq,
RegulatoryBody, ValidationResult,
};
use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, LegalSystem};
pub struct KrAdapter;
impl JurisdictionAdapter for KrAdapter {
fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str { "KR" }
fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str { "大韩民国" }
fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem { LegalSystem::CivilLaw }
fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport> {
vec![
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("外资购买须向土地管理事务所申报；军事保护区等特定区域受限".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["登记所（登記所）".to_string(), "土地管理事务所".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "虚拟资产".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须持有金融情报分析院（FIU）颁发的虚拟资产事业者（VASP）申报".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["金融情报分析院（FIU）".to_string()],
},
]
}
fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq {
RealEstateRegistrationReq {
registry_authority: "登记所（法院登记所）".to_string(),
notarization_required: false,
notary_authority: None,
registration_process: "签订买卖合同 → 外资申报（外国人土地取得申报）→ 缴纳取得税 → 向登记所申请所有权移转登记".to_string(),
foreign_buyer_restrictions: Some("外资须向土地管理事务所申报；军事保护区、文化财保护区等特定区域须获许可".to_string()),
required_documents: vec![
"买卖合同".to_string(),
"护照/外国人登录证".to_string(),
"外国人土地取得申报书（外资）".to_string(),
"取得税完税证明".to_string(),
"登记委任状".to_string(),
],
typical_completion_days: 30,
registration_fee_pct: 0.002,
}
}
fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
has_fdi_review: true,
review_authority: Some("产业通商资源部（外资申报）".to_string()),
prohibited_sectors: vec![
"国家安全相关产业".to_string(),
],
restricted_sectors: vec![
"广播（外资股比≤49%）".to_string(),
"电信（外资股比≤49%）".to_string(),
"航空（外资股比≤50%）".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: Some("军事保护区、文化财保护区等特定区域须获许可".to_string()),
legal_basis: "《外国人投资促进法》《外国人土地法》".to_string(),
}
}
fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody> {
vec![
RegulatoryBody {
name: "金融委员会".to_string(),
abbreviation: "FSC".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "金融监管政策".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.fsc.go.kr".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "金融监督院".to_string(),
abbreviation: "FSS".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "金融机构监督".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.fss.or.kr".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "特许厅".to_string(),
abbreviation: "KIPO".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "专利、商标、版权".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.kipo.go.kr".to_string()),
},
]
}
fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary {
AssetTransferTaxSummary {
real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: Some(0.04), // 取得税 1%-4%
real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: None,
stamp_duty: Some(0.0003),
capital_gains_tax_resident: Some(0.45), // 转让所得税最高45%（短期持有）
capital_gains_tax_nonresident: Some(0.20),
vat_or_gst: Some(0.10), // 增值税 10%
withholding_tax_dividend: Some(0.22), // 股息预提税22%（非居民）
withholding_tax_interest: Some(0.22),
withholding_tax_royalty: Some(0.22),
notes: Some("不动产取得税1%-4%；短期持有（2年内）转让所得税最高45%；多套房持有者税率更高".to_string()),
}
}
fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference {
DisputeResolutionPreference {
real_estate: "韩国法院（地方法院）".to_string(),
goods_trade: "大韩商事仲裁院（KCAB）/ICC".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "韩国知识产权法院/KCAB".to_string(),
financial: "KCAB/韩国法院".to_string(),
new_york_convention_member: true,
}
}
fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&self,
asset: &AssetCategory,
is_foreign_entity: bool,
) -> ValidationResult {
match asset {
AssetCategory::RealEstate(_) => {
if is_foreign_entity {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须向土地管理事务所提交外国人土地取得申报".to_string(),
"军事保护区等特定区域须获许可".to_string(),
"须缴纳取得税并完成登记所登记".to_string(),
])
} else {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须缴纳取得税".to_string(),
"须在登记所完成所有权移转登记".to_string(),
])
}
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
}

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// NAC RWA 全球核心辖区适配器
// 版本：1.0.0
// 覆盖：CN / HK / SG / AE / US / EU-DE / EU-FR / JP / KR / AU / GB
//
// 每个辖区适配器提供：
// 1. 资产类型支持清单（哪些资产可在该辖区上链）
// 2. 产权登记要求（不动产/动产/IP 各自的登记机构和流程）
// 3. 合约要件（该辖区法律对合约形式的强制要求）
// 4. 税收规则（资产转让税、印花税、增值税、资本利得税等）
// 5. 监管机构清单
// 6. 外资限制
// 7. 争议解决首选机制
pub mod cn;
pub mod hk;
pub mod sg;
pub mod ae;
pub mod us;
pub mod eu_de;
pub mod eu_fr;
pub mod jp;
pub mod kr;
pub mod au;
pub mod gb;
use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, LegalSystem};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
/// 辖区适配器特征
pub trait JurisdictionAdapter {
/// 辖区代码（ISO 3166-1 alpha-2）
fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str;
/// 辖区全称
fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str;
/// 法律体系
fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem;
/// 支持的资产类别
fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport>;
/// 不动产登记要求
fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq;
/// 外资限制
fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions;
/// 主要监管机构
fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody>;
/// 资产转让税收摘要
fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary;
/// 首选争议解决
fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference;
/// 验证资产是否可在该辖区上链
fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&self,
asset: &AssetCategory,
is_foreign_entity: bool,
) -> ValidationResult;
}
/// 资产类别支持情况
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct AssetCategorySupport {
pub category: String,
pub supported: bool,
pub foreign_entity_allowed: bool,
pub restrictions: Option<String>,
pub required_approvals: Vec<String>,
}
/// 不动产登记要求
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct RealEstateRegistrationReq {
/// 登记机构
pub registry_authority: String,
/// 是否强制公证
pub notarization_required: bool,
/// 公证机构
pub notary_authority: Option<String>,
/// 登记流程描述
pub registration_process: String,
/// 外资购买限制
pub foreign_buyer_restrictions: Option<String>,
/// 所需文件清单
pub required_documents: Vec<String>,
/// 典型完成时间（工作日）
pub typical_completion_days: u32,
/// 登记费用（占交易价格百分比）
pub registration_fee_pct: f64,
}
/// 外资限制
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
/// 是否有外资审查机制
pub has_fdi_review: bool,
/// 审查机构
pub review_authority: Option<String>,
/// 禁止外资进入的行业
pub prohibited_sectors: Vec<String>,
/// 需要审批的行业
pub restricted_sectors: Vec<String>,
/// 不动产外资限制
pub real_estate_restrictions: Option<String>,
/// 法律依据
pub legal_basis: String,
}
/// 监管机构
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct RegulatoryBody {
pub name: String,
pub abbreviation: String,
pub jurisdiction_area: String,
pub website: Option<String>,
}
/// 资产转让税收摘要
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct AssetTransferTaxSummary {
/// 不动产转让税（买方）
pub real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: Option<f64>,
/// 不动产转让税（卖方）
pub real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: Option<f64>,
/// 印花税
pub stamp_duty: Option<f64>,
/// 资本利得税（居民）
pub capital_gains_tax_resident: Option<f64>,
/// 资本利得税（非居民）
pub capital_gains_tax_nonresident: Option<f64>,
/// 增值税/消费税
pub vat_or_gst: Option<f64>,
/// 预提税（股息）
pub withholding_tax_dividend: Option<f64>,
/// 预提税（利息）
pub withholding_tax_interest: Option<f64>,
/// 预提税（特许权使用费）
pub withholding_tax_royalty: Option<f64>,
/// 特别说明
pub notes: Option<String>,
}
/// 争议解决偏好
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct DisputeResolutionPreference {
/// 不动产争议
pub real_estate: String,
/// 商品贸易争议
pub goods_trade: String,
/// 知识产权争议
pub intellectual_property: String,
/// 金融争议
pub financial: String,
/// 是否支持外国仲裁裁决执行（《纽约公约》成员）
pub new_york_convention_member: bool,
}
/// 验证结果
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ValidationResult {
Approved,
ApprovedWithConditions(Vec<String>),
Rejected(String),
RequiresGovernmentApproval(String),
}
/// 获取所有辖区适配器
pub fn get_all_adapters() -> Vec<Box<dyn JurisdictionAdapter>> {
vec![
Box::new(cn::CnAdapter),
Box::new(hk::HkAdapter),
Box::new(sg::SgAdapter),
Box::new(ae::AeAdapter),
Box::new(us::UsAdapter),
Box::new(eu_de::EuDeAdapter),
Box::new(eu_fr::EuFrAdapter),
Box::new(jp::JpAdapter),
Box::new(kr::KrAdapter),
Box::new(au::AuAdapter),
Box::new(gb::GbAdapter),
]
}
/// 按辖区代码查找适配器
pub fn find_adapter(code: &str) -> Option<Box<dyn JurisdictionAdapter>> {
match code.to_uppercase().as_str() {
"CN" => Some(Box::new(cn::CnAdapter)),
"HK" => Some(Box::new(hk::HkAdapter)),
"SG" => Some(Box::new(sg::SgAdapter)),
"AE" => Some(Box::new(ae::AeAdapter)),
"US" => Some(Box::new(us::UsAdapter)),
"DE" | "EU-DE" => Some(Box::new(eu_de::EuDeAdapter)),
"FR" | "EU-FR" => Some(Box::new(eu_fr::EuFrAdapter)),
"JP" => Some(Box::new(jp::JpAdapter)),
"KR" => Some(Box::new(kr::KrAdapter)),
"AU" => Some(Box::new(au::AuAdapter)),
"GB" => Some(Box::new(gb::GbAdapter)),
_ => None,
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_all_adapters_loadable() {
let adapters = get_all_adapters();
assert_eq!(adapters.len(), 11);
let codes: Vec<&str> = adapters.iter().map(|a| a.jurisdiction_code()).collect();
assert!(codes.contains(&"CN"));
assert!(codes.contains(&"HK"));
assert!(codes.contains(&"SG"));
assert!(codes.contains(&"AE"));
assert!(codes.contains(&"US"));
assert!(codes.contains(&"DE"));
assert!(codes.contains(&"FR"));
assert!(codes.contains(&"JP"));
assert!(codes.contains(&"KR"));
assert!(codes.contains(&"AU"));
assert!(codes.contains(&"GB"));
}
#[test]
fn test_find_adapter_by_code() {
assert!(find_adapter("CN").is_some());
assert!(find_adapter("cn").is_some());
assert!(find_adapter("EU-DE").is_some());
assert!(find_adapter("XX").is_none());
}
#[test]
fn test_all_adapters_have_regulatory_bodies() {
let adapters = get_all_adapters();
for adapter in &adapters {
let bodies = adapter.regulatory_bodies();
assert!(
!bodies.is_empty(),
"辖区 {} 没有监管机构",
adapter.jurisdiction_code()
);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_all_adapters_legal_systems() {
let adapters = get_all_adapters();
for adapter in &adapters {
let _system = adapter.legal_system();
// 只要能返回法律体系即可
}
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_real_estate_registration() {
let adapter = cn::CnAdapter;
let req = adapter.real_estate_registration_requirements();
assert!(!req.registry_authority.is_empty());
assert!(!req.required_documents.is_empty());
assert!(req.typical_completion_days > 0);
}
#[test]
fn test_de_notarization_required() {
let adapter = eu_de::EuDeAdapter;
let req = adapter.real_estate_registration_requirements();
// 德国不动产交易必须公证
assert!(req.notarization_required);
assert!(req.notary_authority.is_some());
}
#[test]
fn test_ae_no_capital_gains_tax() {
let adapter = ae::AeAdapter;
let tax = adapter.asset_transfer_tax_summary();
// 阿联酋无资本利得税
assert_eq!(tax.capital_gains_tax_resident, None);
assert_eq!(tax.capital_gains_tax_nonresident, None);
}
#[test]
fn test_sg_absd_foreign_buyer() {
let adapter = sg::SgAdapter;
let tax = adapter.asset_transfer_tax_summary();
// 新加坡外国买家额外印花税 60%
assert!(tax.notes.is_some());
let notes = tax.notes.unwrap();
assert!(notes.contains("ABSD") || notes.contains("60%"));
}
#[test]
fn test_us_foreign_investment_review() {
let adapter = us::UsAdapter;
let fdi = adapter.foreign_investment_restrictions();
// 美国有 CFIUS 审查
assert!(fdi.has_fdi_review);
assert!(fdi.review_authority.is_some());
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_foreign_investment_restrictions() {
let adapter = cn::CnAdapter;
let fdi = adapter.foreign_investment_restrictions();
assert!(fdi.has_fdi_review);
assert!(!fdi.prohibited_sectors.is_empty());
}
#[test]
fn test_new_york_convention_membership() {
// 主要辖区都应是《纽约公约》成员
let members = vec!["CN", "HK", "SG", "AE", "US", "DE", "FR", "JP", "KR", "AU", "GB"];
for code in members {
let adapter = find_adapter(code).unwrap();
let dr = adapter.preferred_dispute_resolution();
assert!(
dr.new_york_convention_member,
"辖区 {} 应为《纽约公约》成员",
code
);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_validate_real_estate_cn_foreign() {
let adapter = cn::CnAdapter;
let result = adapter.validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&AssetCategory::RealEstate(nac_rwa_legal_model::RealEstateSubtype::Residential),
true, // 外资
);
// 中国住宅外资有限制，应返回需要政府审批或有条件批准
assert!(
matches!(
result,
ValidationResult::RequiresGovernmentApproval(_)
| ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(_)
),
"中国住宅外资应有限制"
);
}
#[test]
fn test_validate_ip_sg_foreign() {
let adapter = sg::SgAdapter;
let result = adapter.validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&AssetCategory::IntellectualProperty(nac_rwa_legal_model::IPSubtype::InventionPatent),
true,
);
// 新加坡对 IP 外资友好
assert!(
matches!(
result,
ValidationResult::Approved | ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(_)
),
"新加坡 IP 外资应可批准"
);
}
}

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// 新加坡（SG）辖区适配器
// 法律体系：普通法系
// 主要法律：《土地所有权法》《印花税法》《公司法》《证券期货法》《支付服务法》
use crate::{
AssetCategorySupport, AssetTransferTaxSummary, DisputeResolutionPreference,
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions, JurisdictionAdapter, RealEstateRegistrationReq,
RegulatoryBody, ValidationResult,
};
use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, LegalSystem, RealEstateSubtype};
pub struct SgAdapter;
impl JurisdictionAdapter for SgAdapter {
fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str { "SG" }
fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str { "新加坡共和国" }
fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem { LegalSystem::CommonLaw }
fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport> {
vec![
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产（商业/工业）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("外资可购买商业/工业不动产，住宅受限".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["新加坡土地管理局（SLA）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产（住宅公寓）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("外资可购买私人公寓，但须缴纳ABSD 60%（2023年起）".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["新加坡土地管理局（SLA）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "数字代币（证券型）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须持有MAS颁发的资本市场服务（CMS）牌照".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["新加坡金融管理局（MAS）".to_string()],
},
]
}
fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq {
RealEstateRegistrationReq {
registry_authority: "新加坡土地管理局（Singapore Land Authority, SLA）".to_string(),
notarization_required: false,
notary_authority: None,
registration_process: "签订买卖协议（OTP/S&P）→ 缴纳印花税（14天内）→ 完成交割 → 在SLA完成产权转移登记（Caveat/Transfer）".to_string(),
foreign_buyer_restrictions: Some("外资购买住宅须缴纳ABSD 60%（2023年4月起）；购买有地住宅须获得土地管理局批准".to_string()),
required_documents: vec![
"购房意向书（OTP）或买卖合约（S&P）".to_string(),
"护照/身份证".to_string(),
"印花税缴纳证明（IRAS）".to_string(),
"按揭批准函（如适用）".to_string(),
"律师行转让文件".to_string(),
],
typical_completion_days: 90,
registration_fee_pct: 0.001,
}
}
fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
has_fdi_review: false,
review_authority: None,
prohibited_sectors: vec![],
restricted_sectors: vec![
"有地住宅（须土地管理局批准）".to_string(),
"媒体（须持牌）".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: Some("外资购买住宅须缴纳ABSD 60%；有地住宅须获专项批准".to_string()),
legal_basis: "《住宅物业法》（Residential Property Act）".to_string(),
}
}
fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody> {
vec![
RegulatoryBody {
name: "新加坡金融管理局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "MAS".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "金融监管、数字资产、支付服务".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.mas.gov.sg".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "新加坡土地管理局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "SLA".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "不动产登记、土地管理".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.sla.gov.sg".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "新加坡税务局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "IRAS".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "税收征管".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.iras.gov.sg".to_string()),
},
]
}
fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary {
AssetTransferTaxSummary {
real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: Some(0.04), // BSD 最高 4%
real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: None,
stamp_duty: Some(0.60), // ABSD 外资 60%
capital_gains_tax_resident: None, // 新加坡无资本利得税
capital_gains_tax_nonresident: None,
vat_or_gst: Some(0.09), // GST 9%（2024年起）
withholding_tax_dividend: None, // 无股息预提税
withholding_tax_interest: Some(0.15),
withholding_tax_royalty: Some(0.10),
notes: Some("外资买家ABSD 60%（2023年4月起）；新加坡无资本利得税；GST 9%适用于商业交易".to_string()),
}
}
fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference {
DisputeResolutionPreference {
real_estate: "新加坡高等法院".to_string(),
goods_trade: "新加坡国际仲裁中心（SIAC）".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "新加坡知识产权法院/SIAC".to_string(),
financial: "SIAC/新加坡高等法院".to_string(),
new_york_convention_member: true,
}
}
fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&self,
asset: &AssetCategory,
is_foreign_entity: bool,
) -> ValidationResult {
match asset {
AssetCategory::RealEstate(subtype) => {
if is_foreign_entity {
match subtype {
RealEstateSubtype::Residential => {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须缴纳ABSD 60%（外资买家）".to_string(),
"有地住宅须获土地管理局专项批准".to_string(),
])
}
_ => ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"商业/工业不动产外资可自由购买".to_string(),
"须在SLA完成产权登记".to_string(),
]),
}
} else {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须缴纳BSD印花税".to_string(),
"须在SLA完成产权登记".to_string(),
])
}
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
}

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// 美国（US）辖区适配器
// 法律体系：普通法系（联邦+各州法律并行）
// 主要法律：《统一商法典》（UCC）《证券法》《外国投资国家安全审查法》（FIRRMA）
use crate::{
AssetCategorySupport, AssetTransferTaxSummary, DisputeResolutionPreference,
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions, JurisdictionAdapter, RealEstateRegistrationReq,
RegulatoryBody, ValidationResult,
};
use nac_rwa_legal_model::{AssetCategory, LegalSystem};
pub struct UsAdapter;
impl JurisdictionAdapter for UsAdapter {
fn jurisdiction_code(&self) -> &'static str { "US" }
fn jurisdiction_name(&self) -> &'static str { "美利坚合众国" }
fn legal_system(&self) -> LegalSystem { LegalSystem::CommonLaw }
fn supported_asset_categories(&self) -> Vec<AssetCategorySupport> {
vec![
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "不动产".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("FIRPTA要求外资出售不动产时预扣15%税款；CFIUS可审查涉及敏感地点的不动产".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["县级产权登记处（County Recorder）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "证券（股权/债券）".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: Some("须符合SEC注册要求或豁免条款（Reg S/Reg D）".to_string()),
required_approvals: vec!["美国证券交易委员会（SEC）".to_string()],
},
AssetCategorySupport {
category: "知识产权".to_string(),
supported: true,
foreign_entity_allowed: true,
restrictions: None,
required_approvals: vec!["美国专利商标局（USPTO）".to_string()],
},
]
}
fn real_estate_registration_requirements(&self) -> RealEstateRegistrationReq {
RealEstateRegistrationReq {
registry_authority: "县级产权登记处（County Recorder/Register of Deeds）".to_string(),
notarization_required: true,
notary_authority: Some("公证人（Notary Public）".to_string()),
registration_process: "签订购房合同（Purchase Agreement）→ 产权调查（Title Search）→ 购买产权保险（Title Insurance）→ 托管（Escrow）→ 交割（Closing）→ 在县级登记处记录地契（Deed Recording）".to_string(),
foreign_buyer_restrictions: Some("FIRPTA：外资出售美国不动产须预扣15%税款；CFIUS可审查涉及军事基地附近的不动产收购".to_string()),
required_documents: vec![
"购房合同（Purchase Agreement）".to_string(),
"地契（Deed：Warranty Deed/Quitclaim Deed）".to_string(),
"产权保险（Title Insurance）".to_string(),
"结算声明（Closing Disclosure/HUD-1）".to_string(),
"按揭文件（如适用）".to_string(),
"FIRPTA证明（外资卖方）".to_string(),
],
typical_completion_days: 45,
registration_fee_pct: 0.001,
}
}
fn foreign_investment_restrictions(&self) -> ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
ForeignInvestmentRestrictions {
has_fdi_review: true,
review_authority: Some("美国外国投资委员会（CFIUS）".to_string()),
prohibited_sectors: vec![
"国防（部分）".to_string(),
"核能（部分）".to_string(),
],
restricted_sectors: vec![
"电信（FCC审查）".to_string(),
"航空（外资股比≤25%）".to_string(),
"广播（外资股比≤25%）".to_string(),
"银行（OCC/Fed审查）".to_string(),
"关键基础设施（CFIUS审查）".to_string(),
"敏感个人数据（CFIUS审查）".to_string(),
"军事基地附近不动产（CFIUS审查）".to_string(),
],
real_estate_restrictions: Some("CFIUS可审查军事基地附近不动产；FIRPTA要求外资出售时预扣税".to_string()),
legal_basis: "《外国投资风险审查现代化法》（FIRRMA 2018）".to_string(),
}
}
fn regulatory_bodies(&self) -> Vec<RegulatoryBody> {
vec![
RegulatoryBody {
name: "美国证券交易委员会".to_string(),
abbreviation: "SEC".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "证券、交易所、投资顾问".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.sec.gov".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "美国商品期货交易委员会".to_string(),
abbreviation: "CFTC".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "期货、衍生品、数字资产（部分）".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.cftc.gov".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "美国专利商标局".to_string(),
abbreviation: "USPTO".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "专利、商标".to_string(),
website: Some("https://www.uspto.gov".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "美国财政部海外资产控制办公室".to_string(),
abbreviation: "OFAC".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "制裁、反洗钱".to_string(),
website: Some("https://ofac.treasury.gov".to_string()),
},
RegulatoryBody {
name: "美国外国投资委员会".to_string(),
abbreviation: "CFIUS".to_string(),
jurisdiction_area: "外资安全审查".to_string(),
website: Some("https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius".to_string()),
},
]
}
fn asset_transfer_tax_summary(&self) -> AssetTransferTaxSummary {
AssetTransferTaxSummary {
real_estate_transfer_tax_buyer: None,
real_estate_transfer_tax_seller: Some(0.01), // 各州不同，约0.1%-2%
stamp_duty: Some(0.005), // 各州转让税约0.1%-2%
capital_gains_tax_resident: Some(0.20), // 长期资本利得税最高20%
capital_gains_tax_nonresident: Some(0.30), // FIRPTA 预扣15%，最终税率更高
vat_or_gst: None, // 美国无联邦增值税（各州有销售税）
withholding_tax_dividend: Some(0.30), // 非居民股息预提税30%（DTA可降低）
withholding_tax_interest: Some(0.30),
withholding_tax_royalty: Some(0.30),
notes: Some("各州税率差异大；FIRPTA预扣15%（外资出售不动产）；非居民预提税30%（DTA可降低）".to_string()),
}
}
fn preferred_dispute_resolution(&self) -> DisputeResolutionPreference {
DisputeResolutionPreference {
real_estate: "各州法院（不动产所在地）".to_string(),
goods_trade: "美国仲裁协会（AAA）/ICC".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "美国联邦地区法院/AAA".to_string(),
financial: "FINRA（证券）/AAA/联邦法院".to_string(),
new_york_convention_member: true,
}
}
fn validate_asset_for_tokenization(
&self,
asset: &AssetCategory,
is_foreign_entity: bool,
) -> ValidationResult {
match asset {
AssetCategory::RealEstate(_) => {
if is_foreign_entity {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须遵守FIRPTA（出售时预扣15%税款）".to_string(),
"涉及军事基地附近须通过CFIUS审查".to_string(),
"须购买产权保险（Title Insurance）".to_string(),
])
} else {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须在县级登记处完成地契记录".to_string(),
"建议购买产权保险".to_string(),
])
}
}
AssetCategory::FinancialAsset(_) => {
ValidationResult::ApprovedWithConditions(vec![
"须符合SEC注册要求或豁免条款（Reg S/Reg D/Reg A+）".to_string(),
"向非美国投资者发行须符合Reg S".to_string(),
])
}
_ => ValidationResult::Approved,
}
}
}

96
nac-rwa-legal-model/Cargo.lock generated Normal file
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19
nac-rwa-legal-model/Cargo.toml Normal file
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[package]
name = "nac-rwa-legal-model"
version = "1.0.0"
edition = "2021"
description = "NAC RWA 全球资产上链法律要素抽象数据模型 — 覆盖资产类型、产权结构、合约要件、税收要素、跨境规则"
authors = ["NAC Development Team"]
[lib]
name = "nac_rwa_legal_model"
path = "src/lib.rs"
[lints.rust]
warnings = "deny"
[dependencies]
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
thiserror = "1.0"
[dev-dependencies]

240
nac-rwa-legal-model/src/asset_types.rs Normal file
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// NAC RWA 资产类型枚举 — 全球资产分类标准
// 基于 ACC-20 协议，覆盖全球主要资产类别
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
/// 顶级资产类别
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum AssetCategory {
/// 不动产（Real Estate）
RealEstate(RealEstateSubtype),
/// 动产/商品（Movable Property / Goods）
MovableProperty(MovablePropertySubtype),
/// 知识产权（Intellectual Property）
IntellectualProperty(IPSubtype),
/// 金融资产（Financial Assets）
FinancialAsset(FinancialAssetSubtype),
/// 大宗商品（Commodities）
Commodity(CommoditySubtype),
/// 数字资产（Digital Assets）
DigitalAsset(DigitalAssetSubtype),
/// 自然资源（Natural Resources）
NaturalResource(NaturalResourceSubtype),
}
/// 不动产子类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum RealEstateSubtype {
/// 住宅（Residential）
Residential,
/// 商业地产（Commercial）
Commercial,
/// 工业地产（Industrial）
Industrial,
/// 农业用地（Agricultural）
Agricultural,
/// 土地（Land / Plot）
Land,
/// 酒店/度假村（Hospitality）
Hospitality,
/// 混合用途（Mixed Use）
MixedUse,
/// 基础设施（Infrastructure）
Infrastructure,
}
/// 动产子类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum MovablePropertySubtype {
/// 消费品（Consumer Goods）
ConsumerGoods,
/// 工业设备（Industrial Equipment）
IndustrialEquipment,
/// 交通工具（Vehicles）
Vehicles,
/// 艺术品/收藏品（Art & Collectibles）
ArtAndCollectibles,
/// 奢侈品（Luxury Goods）
LuxuryGoods,
/// 电子产品（Electronics）
Electronics,
/// 医疗设备（Medical Equipment）
MedicalEquipment,
}
/// 知识产权子类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum IPSubtype {
/// 发明专利（Invention Patent）
InventionPatent,
/// 实用新型专利（Utility Model）
UtilityModel,
/// 外观设计专利（Design Patent）
DesignPatent,
/// 商标（Trademark）
Trademark,
/// 版权/著作权（Copyright）
Copyright,
/// 商业秘密/技术秘密（Trade Secret）
TradeSecret,
/// 软件著作权（Software Copyright）
SoftwareCopyright,
/// 地理标志（Geographical Indication）
GeographicalIndication,
/// 植物新品种权（Plant Variety Right）
PlantVarietyRight,
}
/// 金融资产子类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum FinancialAssetSubtype {
/// 股权（Equity / Shares）
Equity,
/// 债券（Bond / Debt）
Bond,
/// 基金份额（Fund Share）
FundShare,
/// 信托受益权（Trust Beneficiary Right）
TrustBeneficiaryRight,
/// 应收账款（Accounts Receivable）
AccountsReceivable,
/// 保险权益（Insurance Interest）
InsuranceInterest,
/// 伊斯兰债券（Sukuk）
Sukuk,
/// 资产支持证券（ABS）
AssetBackedSecurity,
}
/// 大宗商品子类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum CommoditySubtype {
/// 贵金属（Precious Metals）
PreciousMetals,
/// 工业金属（Industrial Metals）
IndustrialMetals,
/// 能源（Energy）
Energy,
/// 农产品（Agricultural Products）
AgriculturalProducts,
/// 软商品（Soft Commodities）
SoftCommodities,
/// 矿产资源（Minerals）
Minerals,
}
/// 数字资产子类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum DigitalAssetSubtype {
/// 数据资产（Data Assets）
DataAssets,
/// 域名（Domain Names）
DomainNames,
/// 数字内容（Digital Content）
DigitalContent,
/// 碳信用（Carbon Credits）
CarbonCredits,
/// 排放权（Emission Rights）
EmissionRights,
}
/// 自然资源子类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum NaturalResourceSubtype {
/// 水权（Water Rights）
WaterRights,
/// 采矿权（Mining Rights）
MiningRights,
/// 林权（Forest Rights）
ForestRights,
/// 渔业权（Fishing Rights）
FishingRights,
/// 油气权益（Oil & Gas Rights）
OilGasRights,
}
impl AssetCategory {
/// 返回资产类别的标准名称（英文）
pub fn category_name(&self) -> &'static str {
match self {
AssetCategory::RealEstate(_) => "Real Estate",
AssetCategory::MovableProperty(_) => "Movable Property",
AssetCategory::IntellectualProperty(_) => "Intellectual Property",
AssetCategory::FinancialAsset(_) => "Financial Asset",
AssetCategory::Commodity(_) => "Commodity",
AssetCategory::DigitalAsset(_) => "Digital Asset",
AssetCategory::NaturalResource(_) => "Natural Resource",
}
}
/// 判断是否需要实物交割
pub fn requires_physical_delivery(&self) -> bool {
matches!(
self,
AssetCategory::MovableProperty(_) | AssetCategory::Commodity(_)
)
}
/// 判断是否需要政府登记
pub fn requires_government_registration(&self) -> bool {
matches!(
self,
AssetCategory::RealEstate(_)
| AssetCategory::IntellectualProperty(_)
| AssetCategory::NaturalResource(_)
)
}
/// 判断是否适用伊斯兰金融规则
pub fn may_require_sharia_compliance(&self) -> bool {
matches!(
self,
AssetCategory::FinancialAsset(_) | AssetCategory::RealEstate(_)
)
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_real_estate_requires_registration() {
let asset = AssetCategory::RealEstate(RealEstateSubtype::Residential);
assert!(asset.requires_government_registration());
assert!(!asset.requires_physical_delivery());
}
#[test]
fn test_commodity_requires_delivery() {
let asset = AssetCategory::Commodity(CommoditySubtype::PreciousMetals);
assert!(asset.requires_physical_delivery());
assert!(!asset.requires_government_registration());
}
#[test]
fn test_ip_requires_registration() {
let asset = AssetCategory::IntellectualProperty(IPSubtype::InventionPatent);
assert!(asset.requires_government_registration());
}
#[test]
fn test_financial_may_require_sharia() {
let asset = AssetCategory::FinancialAsset(FinancialAssetSubtype::Bond);
assert!(asset.may_require_sharia_compliance());
}
#[test]
fn test_sukuk_is_financial_asset() {
let asset = AssetCategory::FinancialAsset(FinancialAssetSubtype::Sukuk);
assert!(asset.may_require_sharia_compliance());
assert_eq!(asset.category_name(), "Financial Asset");
}
#[test]
fn test_digital_asset_no_physical_delivery() {
let asset = AssetCategory::DigitalAsset(DigitalAssetSubtype::CarbonCredits);
assert!(!asset.requires_physical_delivery());
assert!(!asset.requires_government_registration());
}
}

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nac-rwa-legal-model/src/contract_elements.rs Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,571 @@
// NAC RWA 合约要件模型
// 基于全球主要法律体系的合约法理论，定义资产交易合约的通用要件
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use crate::asset_types::AssetCategory;
use crate::ownership::LegalEntityType;
/// 合约类型枚举
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ContractType {
// ===== 不动产合约 =====
/// 不动产买卖合同
RealEstateSaleContract,
/// 不动产租赁合同
RealEstateLeaseContract,
/// 不动产抵押合同
RealEstateMortgageContract,
/// 不动产产权转移文书
RealEstateTitleTransfer,
/// 不动产开发合同
RealEstateDevelopmentContract,
/// 不动产委托管理合同
RealEstateManagementContract,
// ===== 动产/商品合约 =====
/// 国内商品买卖合同
GoodsSaleContractDomestic,
/// 跨境商品买卖合同（适用 CISG）
GoodsSaleContractCrossBorder,
/// 分销协议
DistributionAgreement,
/// 仓储合同
WarehouseContract,
/// 运输合同
TransportContract,
/// 保险合同
InsuranceContract,
/// 信用证
LetterOfCredit,
// ===== 知识产权合约 =====
/// 专利转让合同
PatentAssignment,
/// 专利许可合同（独占）
PatentLicenseExclusive,
/// 专利许可合同（非独占）
PatentLicenseNonExclusive,
/// 商标转让合同
TrademarkAssignment,
/// 商标许可合同
TrademarkLicense,
/// 版权转让合同
CopyrightAssignment,
/// 版权授权合同
CopyrightLicense,
/// 技术秘密保密协议（NDA）
TradeSecretNDA,
/// 技术许可合同
TechnologyLicense,
/// 软件许可协议
SoftwareLicenseAgreement,
// ===== 金融资产合约 =====
/// 股权转让协议
EquityTransferAgreement,
/// 股权认购协议
EquitySubscriptionAgreement,
/// 债券认购协议
BondSubscriptionAgreement,
/// 基金份额转让合同
FundShareTransfer,
/// 信托文件
TrustDeed,
/// 资产支持证券合同
ABSContract,
// ===== 伊斯兰合规合约 =====
/// 穆拉巴哈（成本加利润融资）
MurabahaContract,
/// 伊贾拉（伊斯兰租赁）
IjaraContract,
/// 苏库克（伊斯兰债券）
SukukContract,
/// 穆沙拉卡（合伙融资）
MusharakaContract,
/// 穆达拉巴（利润分享）
MudarabaContract,
// ===== 通用合约 =====
/// 意向书（LOI）
LetterOfIntent,
/// 备忘录（MOU）
MemorandumOfUnderstanding,
/// 托管协议
EscrowAgreement,
/// 担保合同
GuaranteeContract,
}
/// 合约形式要求（各法律体系差异）
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ContractFormRequirement {
/// 无特殊形式要求（口头/书面均可）
NoFormRequirement,
/// 必须书面形式
WrittenRequired,
/// 必须公证（大陆法系不动产）
NotarizationRequired,
/// 必须登记备案
RegistrationRequired,
/// 必须公证+登记
NotarizationAndRegistration,
/// 必须经政府审批
GovernmentApprovalRequired,
/// 必须经监管机构批准
RegulatoryApprovalRequired,
/// 必须由特定专业人士出具（如日本宅建士）
ProfessionalCertificationRequired(String),
/// 伊斯兰合规认证
ShariaComplianceCertification,
}
/// 合约当事人
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ContractParty {
/// 当事人角色
pub role: PartyRole,
/// 法律主体类型
pub entity_type: LegalEntityType,
/// 所在辖区
pub jurisdiction: String,
/// 是否为外国人/外资
pub is_foreign: bool,
/// 身份验证状态
pub identity_verified: bool,
/// KYC 等级
pub kyc_level: KycLevel,
}
/// 当事人角色
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum PartyRole {
Seller,
Buyer,
Lessor,
Lessee,
Licensor,
Licensee,
Mortgagor,
Mortgagee,
Trustor,
Trustee,
Beneficiary,
Guarantor,
Agent,
Escrow,
}
/// KYC 等级
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum KycLevel {
None = 0,
Basic = 1,
Enhanced = 2,
Institutional = 3,
}
/// 合约标的物描述
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ContractSubjectMatter {
/// 资产类别
pub asset_category: AssetCategory,
/// 资产描述
pub description: String,
/// 资产所在辖区
pub asset_jurisdiction: String,
/// 数量/面积/规模
pub quantity: Option<f64>,
/// 计量单位
pub unit: Option<String>,
/// 资产唯一标识（链上 TOKEN ID）
pub token_id: Option<String>,
/// 资产估值（USD）
pub valuation_usd: Option<f64>,
}
/// 价格与对价
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ContractConsideration {
/// 合同价格
pub price: f64,
/// 货币
pub currency: String,
/// 是否为公允市场价值
pub is_fair_market_value: bool,
/// 支付方式
pub payment_method: PaymentMethod,
/// 分期付款安排
pub installment_schedule: Option<Vec<InstallmentPayment>>,
/// 定金/保证金
pub deposit: Option<f64>,
/// 定金比例
pub deposit_ratio: Option<f64>,
}
/// 支付方式
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum PaymentMethod {
/// 一次性付清
LumpSum,
/// 分期付款
Installment,
/// 信用证
LetterOfCredit,
/// 托管支付
Escrow,
/// 链上支付（XTZH）
OnChainXTZH,
/// 伊斯兰融资（Murabaha）
IslamicFinancing,
/// 以物易物
Barter,
}
/// 分期付款计划
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct InstallmentPayment {
/// 期次
pub sequence: u32,
/// 金额
pub amount: f64,
/// 到期日（Unix 时间戳）
pub due_date: u64,
/// 是否已支付
pub paid: bool,
}
/// 交付条件（主要用于动产/商品）
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum DeliveryTerms {
/// EXW — 工厂交货
ExWorks,
/// FOB — 装运港船上交货
FOB,
/// CIF — 成本+保险+运费
CIF,
/// DDP — 完税后交货
DDP,
/// DAP — 目的地交货
DAP,
/// CFR — 成本加运费
CFR,
/// FCA — 货交承运人
FCA,
/// 数字交付（用于知识产权、数字资产）
DigitalDelivery,
/// 链上交付（产权直接在链上转移）
OnChainTransfer,
}
/// 风险转移节点
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum RiskTransferPoint {
/// 合同签署时
AtContractSigning,
/// 定金支付时
AtDepositPayment,
/// 全款支付时
AtFullPayment,
/// 实物交付时
AtPhysicalDelivery,
/// 产权登记完成时
AtRegistration,
/// 链上确认时
AtOnChainConfirmation,
/// 装运时（FOB）
AtShipment,
/// 到港时
AtArrival,
}
/// 争议解决机制
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct DisputeResolution {
/// 适用法律
pub governing_law: String,
/// 争议解决方式
pub mechanism: DisputeMechanism,
/// 仲裁机构（如适用）
pub arbitration_body: Option<ArbitrationBody>,
/// 仲裁地点
pub arbitration_seat: Option<String>,
/// 仲裁语言
pub arbitration_language: Option<String>,
}
/// 争议解决方式
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum DisputeMechanism {
/// 诉讼（法院）
Litigation,
/// 仲裁
Arbitration,
/// 调解
Mediation,
/// 调解+仲裁
MediationThenArbitration,
/// 智能合约自动执行
SmartContractAutoExecution,
}
/// 主要仲裁机构
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ArbitrationBody {
/// 国际商会仲裁院（ICC）
ICC,
/// 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（CIETAC）
CIETAC,
/// 新加坡国际仲裁中心（SIAC）
SIAC,
/// 香港国际仲裁中心（HKIAC）
HKIAC,
/// 伦敦国际仲裁院（LCIA）
LCIA,
/// 美国仲裁协会（AAA）
AAA,
/// 日本商事仲裁协会（JCAA）
JCAA,
/// 迪拜国际仲裁中心（DIAC）
DIAC,
/// 吉隆坡区域仲裁中心（KLRCA）
KLRCA,
/// 联合国国际贸易法委员会（UNCITRAL）
UNCITRAL,
}
/// 合约核心要件（通用抽象层）
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ContractCoreElements {
/// 合约类型
pub contract_type: ContractType,
/// 合约形式要求
pub form_requirement: ContractFormRequirement,
/// 当事人列表
pub parties: Vec<ContractParty>,
/// 标的物
pub subject_matter: ContractSubjectMatter,
/// 对价
pub consideration: ContractConsideration,
/// 交付条件
pub delivery_terms: DeliveryTerms,
/// 风险转移节点
pub risk_transfer: RiskTransferPoint,
/// 争议解决
pub dispute_resolution: DisputeResolution,
/// 合同有效期（Unix 时间戳）
pub effective_date: u64,
/// 合同终止日（None 表示永久）
pub expiry_date: Option<u64>,
/// 必须附带的文件清单
pub required_documents: Vec<RequiredDocument>,
/// 特殊条款（辖区特定）
pub special_clauses: Vec<String>,
}
/// 必要附件文件
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct RequiredDocument {
/// 文件名称
pub name: String,
/// 文件类型
pub doc_type: DocumentType,
/// 是否强制（false 表示可选）
pub mandatory: bool,
/// 签发机构
pub issuing_authority: Option<String>,
/// 有效期（天，None 表示永久有效）
pub validity_days: Option<u32>,
}
/// 文件类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum DocumentType {
/// 产权证书
TitleCertificate,
/// 公证书
NotarialDeed,
/// 政府批准文件
GovernmentApproval,
/// 税务完税证明
TaxClearanceCertificate,
/// 无抵押证明
EncumbranceClearance,
/// 身份证明
IdentityDocument,
/// 营业执照
BusinessLicense,
/// 估值报告
ValuationReport,
/// 环境评估报告
EnvironmentalAssessment,
/// 检验证书
InspectionCertificate,
/// 原产地证明
CertificateOfOrigin,
/// 伊斯兰合规证书
ShariaComplianceCertificate,
/// 知识产权登记证
IPRegistrationCertificate,
/// 无异议证明（NOC）
NoObjectionCertificate,
/// 链上权证（NAC 特有）
OnChainTitleCertificate,
}
impl ContractCoreElements {
/// 验证合约要件完整性
pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), Vec<String>> {
let mut errors = Vec::new();
// 检查当事人
if self.parties.len() < 2 {
errors.push("合约至少需要两个当事人".to_string());
}
// 检查价格合理性
if self.consideration.price <= 0.0 {
errors.push("合约价格必须大于零".to_string());
}
// 检查 KYC 要求
for party in &self.parties {
if !party.identity_verified {
errors.push(format!("{:?} 的身份未经验证", party.role));
}
}
// 检查必要文件
let missing_docs: Vec<String> = self
.required_documents
.iter()
.filter(|d| d.mandatory)
.filter(|_| false) // 实际检查由辖区适配器完成
.map(|d| d.name.clone())
.collect();
if !missing_docs.is_empty() {
errors.push(format!("缺少必要文件: {}", missing_docs.join(", ")));
}
if errors.is_empty() {
Ok(())
} else {
Err(errors)
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use crate::asset_types::{AssetCategory, RealEstateSubtype};
fn make_party(role: PartyRole, jurisdiction: &str) -> ContractParty {
ContractParty {
role,
entity_type: LegalEntityType::NaturalPerson,
jurisdiction: jurisdiction.to_string(),
is_foreign: false,
identity_verified: true,
kyc_level: KycLevel::Enhanced,
}
}
#[test]
fn test_contract_type_variants() {
// 确保所有合约类型都可以创建
let types = vec![
ContractType::RealEstateSaleContract,
ContractType::GoodsSaleContractCrossBorder,
ContractType::PatentLicenseExclusive,
ContractType::MurabahaContract,
ContractType::SukukContract,
];
assert_eq!(types.len(), 5);
}
#[test]
fn test_contract_validation_requires_two_parties() {
let elements = ContractCoreElements {
contract_type: ContractType::RealEstateSaleContract,
form_requirement: ContractFormRequirement::NotarizationAndRegistration,
parties: vec![make_party(PartyRole::Seller, "CN")], // 只有一个当事人
subject_matter: ContractSubjectMatter {
asset_category: AssetCategory::RealEstate(RealEstateSubtype::Residential),
description: "上海市浦东新区某住宅".to_string(),
asset_jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
quantity: Some(120.0),
unit: Some("平方米".to_string()),
token_id: None,
valuation_usd: Some(500_000.0),
},
consideration: ContractConsideration {
price: 3_500_000.0,
currency: "CNY".to_string(),
is_fair_market_value: true,
payment_method: PaymentMethod::LumpSum,
installment_schedule: None,
deposit: Some(350_000.0),
deposit_ratio: Some(0.1),
},
delivery_terms: DeliveryTerms::OnChainTransfer,
risk_transfer: RiskTransferPoint::AtRegistration,
dispute_resolution: DisputeResolution {
governing_law: "中华人民共和国法律".to_string(),
mechanism: DisputeMechanism::Arbitration,
arbitration_body: Some(ArbitrationBody::CIETAC),
arbitration_seat: Some("上海".to_string()),
arbitration_language: Some("中文".to_string()),
},
effective_date: 1741305600,
expiry_date: None,
required_documents: vec![],
special_clauses: vec![],
};
let result = elements.validate();
assert!(result.is_err());
let errors = result.unwrap_err();
assert!(errors.iter().any(|e| e.contains("两个当事人")));
}
#[test]
fn test_delivery_terms_for_ip() {
// 知识产权应使用数字交付
let terms = DeliveryTerms::DigitalDelivery;
assert_eq!(terms, DeliveryTerms::DigitalDelivery);
}
#[test]
fn test_arbitration_bodies() {
// 验证主要仲裁机构枚举
let bodies = vec![
ArbitrationBody::ICC,
ArbitrationBody::CIETAC,
ArbitrationBody::SIAC,
ArbitrationBody::HKIAC,
ArbitrationBody::DIAC,
];
assert_eq!(bodies.len(), 5);
}
#[test]
fn test_islamic_contract_types() {
let islamic_types = vec![
ContractType::MurabahaContract,
ContractType::IjaraContract,
ContractType::SukukContract,
ContractType::MusharakaContract,
ContractType::MudarabaContract,
];
assert_eq!(islamic_types.len(), 5);
}
#[test]
fn test_kyc_level_ordering() {
assert!(KycLevel::Institutional > KycLevel::Enhanced);
assert!(KycLevel::Enhanced > KycLevel::Basic);
assert!(KycLevel::Basic > KycLevel::None);
}
}

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// NAC RWA 跨境要素模型
// 覆盖全球主要双边贸易规则、关税体系、技术标准互认、争议解决机制
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
/// 贸易协定类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum TradeAgreementType {
/// WTO 多边贸易体系（最惠国待遇）
WtoMfn,
/// 自由贸易协定（FTA）
Fta,
/// 区域全面经济伙伴关系（RCEP）
Rcep,
/// 全面经济伙伴协定（CEPA）
Cepa,
/// 经济伙伴协定（EPA）
Epa,
/// 关税同盟（如欧盟内部）
CustomsUnion,
/// 共同市场（如欧盟单一市场）
CommonMarket,
/// 优惠贸易安排（PTA）
Pta,
/// 无协定（适用 WTO MFN 或更高关税）
NoAgreement,
/// 特别关税措施（如 301 条款）
SpecialTariffMeasure(String),
}
/// 技术标准体系
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum TechnicalStandardSystem {
/// 欧盟 CE 认证
Ce,
/// 中国强制认证（CCC）
Ccc,
/// 美国 UL 认证
Ul,
/// 美国 FCC 认证（电子）
Fcc,
/// 日本 JIS 标准
Jis,
/// 日本 PSE 认证（电气）
Pse,
/// 韩国 KC 认证
Kc,
/// 澳大利亚 SAA/RCM 认证
Rcm,
/// 英国 UKCA 认证（脱欧后）
Ukca,
/// 国际标准化组织（ISO）
Iso,
/// 食品法典委员会（Codex Alimentarius）
CodexAlimentarius,
/// 无特殊要求
None,
}
/// 关税规则
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TariffRule {
/// 源辖区
pub source_jurisdiction: String,
/// 目标辖区
pub target_jurisdiction: String,
/// 适用贸易协定
pub applicable_agreement: TradeAgreementType,
/// 基础关税率（MFN）
pub base_tariff_rate: f64,
/// 优惠关税率（如适用协定）
pub preferential_rate: Option<f64>,
/// 特别关税（反倾销/反补贴/301等）
pub special_tariff: Option<f64>,
/// 实际适用税率
pub effective_rate: f64,
/// HS 编码范围（适用商品）
pub hs_code_scope: Option<String>,
/// 原产地规则要求
pub rules_of_origin: Option<String>,
/// 备注
pub notes: Option<String>,
}
impl TariffRule {
/// 计算实际适用关税率
pub fn calculate_effective_rate(&self) -> f64 {
let base = self.preferential_rate.unwrap_or(self.base_tariff_rate);
base + self.special_tariff.unwrap_or(0.0)
}
}
/// 技术标准互认规则
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TechnicalStandardRule {
/// 源辖区标准
pub source_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem,
/// 目标辖区要求
pub target_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem,
/// 是否互认
pub mutually_recognized: bool,
/// 需要额外认证
pub additional_certification_required: bool,
/// 额外认证描述
pub additional_certification_desc: Option<String>,
/// 适用产品类别
pub applicable_product_categories: Vec<String>,
}
/// 进出口管制规则
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TradeControlRule {
/// 管制类型
pub control_type: TradeControlType,
/// 受管制商品/技术描述
pub controlled_items: String,
/// 是否需要许可证
pub license_required: bool,
/// 许可证签发机构
pub licensing_authority: Option<String>,
/// 是否存在禁令（全面禁止）
pub embargo: bool,
/// 法律依据
pub legal_basis: String,
}
/// 贸易管制类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum TradeControlType {
/// 美国出口管制（EAR）
UsEar,
/// 美国国际武器交通条例（ITAR）
UsItar,
/// 美国 OFAC 制裁
UsOfac,
/// 日本外为法
JpFefta,
/// 欧盟双用途出口管制
EuDualUse,
/// 中国出口管制法
CnExportControl,
/// 中国数据安全法（数据跨境）
CnDataSecurity,
/// 瓦森纳协定（多边）
WassenaarArrangement,
/// 核供应国集团（NSG）
NuclearSuppliersGroup,
/// 检疫管制（农产品/食品）
PhytosanitaryControl,
}
/// 双边跨境规则（完整规则集）
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct BilateralCrossBorderRules {
/// 源辖区
pub jurisdiction_a: String,
/// 目标辖区
pub jurisdiction_b: String,
/// 适用贸易协定
pub trade_agreement: TradeAgreementType,
/// 关税规则（按资产/商品类型）
pub tariff_rules: Vec<TariffRule>,
/// 技术标准规则
pub technical_standards: Vec<TechnicalStandardRule>,
/// 贸易管制规则
pub trade_controls: Vec<TradeControlRule>,
/// 货币结算规则
pub currency_settlement: CurrencySettlementRule,
/// 首选争议解决机制
pub preferred_dispute_resolution: PreferredDisputeResolution,
/// 数据跨境规则
pub data_transfer_rules: DataTransferRule,
/// 知识产权互认
pub ip_mutual_recognition: IpMutualRecognition,
}
/// 货币结算规则
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CurrencySettlementRule {
pub primary_currencies: Vec<String>,
pub local_currency_settlement: bool,
pub foreign_exchange_control: bool,
pub capital_outflow_restriction: bool,
pub notes: Option<String>,
}
/// 首选争议解决机制
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct PreferredDisputeResolution {
pub real_estate: String,
pub goods_trade: String,
pub intellectual_property: String,
pub financial: String,
}
/// 数据跨境传输规则
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct DataTransferRule {
pub cross_border_allowed: bool,
pub data_localization_required: bool,
pub applicable_frameworks: Vec<String>,
pub special_restrictions: Option<String>,
}
/// 知识产权互认
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct IpMutualRecognition {
pub patent_recognition: bool,
pub trademark_recognition: bool,
pub copyright_recognition: bool,
pub applicable_treaties: Vec<String>,
}
/// 全球主要双边跨境规则数据库
pub fn get_bilateral_rules_database() -> Vec<BilateralCrossBorderRules> {
vec![
// CN-HK（CEPA 框架）
BilateralCrossBorderRules {
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "HK".to_string(),
trade_agreement: TradeAgreementType::Cepa,
tariff_rules: vec![TariffRule {
source_jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
target_jurisdiction: "HK".to_string(),
applicable_agreement: TradeAgreementType::Cepa,
base_tariff_rate: 0.0,
preferential_rate: Some(0.0),
special_tariff: None,
effective_rate: 0.0,
hs_code_scope: Some("全品类".to_string()),
rules_of_origin: Some("CEPA 原产地规则".to_string()),
notes: Some("CEPA 框架下内地商品进入香港零关税".to_string()),
}],
technical_standards: vec![TechnicalStandardRule {
source_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Ccc,
target_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::None,
mutually_recognized: true,
additional_certification_required: false,
additional_certification_desc: None,
applicable_product_categories: vec!["大多数商品".to_string()],
}],
trade_controls: vec![],
currency_settlement: CurrencySettlementRule {
primary_currencies: vec!["CNY".to_string(), "HKD".to_string()],
local_currency_settlement: true,
foreign_exchange_control: false,
capital_outflow_restriction: false,
notes: Some("人民币离岸中心，跨境结算便利".to_string()),
},
preferred_dispute_resolution: PreferredDisputeResolution {
real_estate: "香港法院/HKIAC".to_string(),
goods_trade: "HKIAC/CIETAC香港仲裁中心".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "香港知识产权法院".to_string(),
financial: "HKIAC".to_string(),
},
data_transfer_rules: DataTransferRule {
cross_border_allowed: true,
data_localization_required: false,
applicable_frameworks: vec!["PDPO（香港）".to_string(), "中国数据安全法（内地）".to_string()],
special_restrictions: Some("个人信息跨境需满足中国PIPL要求".to_string()),
},
ip_mutual_recognition: IpMutualRecognition {
patent_recognition: false,
trademark_recognition: false,
copyright_recognition: true,
applicable_treaties: vec!["伯尔尼公约".to_string(), "TRIPS".to_string()],
},
},
// CN-SG（RCEP）
BilateralCrossBorderRules {
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "SG".to_string(),
trade_agreement: TradeAgreementType::Rcep,
tariff_rules: vec![TariffRule {
source_jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
target_jurisdiction: "SG".to_string(),
applicable_agreement: TradeAgreementType::Rcep,
base_tariff_rate: 0.0,
preferential_rate: Some(0.0),
special_tariff: None,
effective_rate: 0.0,
hs_code_scope: Some("RCEP 覆盖商品".to_string()),
rules_of_origin: Some("RCEP 原产地规则（区域价值含量≥40%）".to_string()),
notes: Some("新加坡对大多数商品零关税".to_string()),
}],
technical_standards: vec![TechnicalStandardRule {
source_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Ccc,
target_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::None,
mutually_recognized: false,
additional_certification_required: true,
additional_certification_desc: Some("需符合新加坡 SPRING 标准".to_string()),
applicable_product_categories: vec!["电气产品".to_string(), "消费品".to_string()],
}],
trade_controls: vec![TradeControlRule {
control_type: TradeControlType::CnDataSecurity,
controlled_items: "个人信息、重要数据".to_string(),
license_required: true,
licensing_authority: Some("中国国家互联网信息办公室".to_string()),
embargo: false,
legal_basis: "中国个人信息保护法（PIPL）、数据安全法".to_string(),
}],
currency_settlement: CurrencySettlementRule {
primary_currencies: vec!["USD".to_string(), "SGD".to_string(), "CNY".to_string()],
local_currency_settlement: true,
foreign_exchange_control: false,
capital_outflow_restriction: false,
notes: Some("新加坡是全球重要离岸人民币中心".to_string()),
},
preferred_dispute_resolution: PreferredDisputeResolution {
real_estate: "新加坡高等法院/SIAC".to_string(),
goods_trade: "SIAC/CIETAC".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "SIAC/WIPO仲裁".to_string(),
financial: "SIAC".to_string(),
},
data_transfer_rules: DataTransferRule {
cross_border_allowed: true,
data_localization_required: false,
applicable_frameworks: vec!["PDPA（新加坡）".to_string(), "PIPL（中国）".to_string()],
special_restrictions: Some("中国数据出境需通过安全评估或标准合同".to_string()),
},
ip_mutual_recognition: IpMutualRecognition {
patent_recognition: false,
trademark_recognition: false,
copyright_recognition: true,
applicable_treaties: vec!["伯尔尼公约".to_string(), "TRIPS".to_string(), "PCT".to_string()],
},
},
// CN-JP（RCEP）
BilateralCrossBorderRules {
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "JP".to_string(),
trade_agreement: TradeAgreementType::Rcep,
tariff_rules: vec![TariffRule {
source_jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
target_jurisdiction: "JP".to_string(),
applicable_agreement: TradeAgreementType::Rcep,
base_tariff_rate: 0.025,
preferential_rate: Some(0.0),
special_tariff: None,
effective_rate: 0.0,
hs_code_scope: Some("RCEP 覆盖商品（分阶段降税）".to_string()),
rules_of_origin: Some("RCEP 原产地规则".to_string()),
notes: Some("RCEP 框架下中日关税逐步降低，2022年起生效".to_string()),
}],
technical_standards: vec![
TechnicalStandardRule {
source_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Ccc,
target_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Pse,
mutually_recognized: false,
additional_certification_required: true,
additional_certification_desc: Some("电气产品需获得日本PSE认证".to_string()),
applicable_product_categories: vec!["电气产品".to_string()],
},
TechnicalStandardRule {
source_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Ccc,
target_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Jis,
mutually_recognized: false,
additional_certification_required: true,
additional_certification_desc: Some("工业品需符合JIS标准".to_string()),
applicable_product_categories: vec!["工业品".to_string(), "建材".to_string()],
},
],
trade_controls: vec![TradeControlRule {
control_type: TradeControlType::JpFefta,
controlled_items: "半导体、军民两用技术、先进制造设备".to_string(),
license_required: true,
licensing_authority: Some("日本经济产业省（METI）".to_string()),
embargo: false,
legal_basis: "外国為替及び外国貿易法（外为法）".to_string(),
}],
currency_settlement: CurrencySettlementRule {
primary_currencies: vec!["USD".to_string(), "JPY".to_string(), "CNY".to_string()],
local_currency_settlement: true,
foreign_exchange_control: false,
capital_outflow_restriction: false,
notes: Some("中日贸易以美元结算为主，人民币结算占比增加".to_string()),
},
preferred_dispute_resolution: PreferredDisputeResolution {
real_estate: "日本法院（物权适用所在地法）".to_string(),
goods_trade: "JCAA/CIETAC/ICC".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "JCAA/WIPO仲裁".to_string(),
financial: "JCAA/ICC".to_string(),
},
data_transfer_rules: DataTransferRule {
cross_border_allowed: true,
data_localization_required: false,
applicable_frameworks: vec!["APPI（日本）".to_string(), "PIPL（中国）".to_string()],
special_restrictions: Some("中国个人信息出境需满足PIPL要求；日本对政府相关数据有限制".to_string()),
},
ip_mutual_recognition: IpMutualRecognition {
patent_recognition: false,
trademark_recognition: false,
copyright_recognition: true,
applicable_treaties: vec!["伯尔尼公约".to_string(), "TRIPS".to_string(), "PCT".to_string(), "马德里协定".to_string()],
},
},
// CN-US（WTO + 301 条款）
BilateralCrossBorderRules {
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "US".to_string(),
trade_agreement: TradeAgreementType::WtoMfn,
tariff_rules: vec![TariffRule {
source_jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
target_jurisdiction: "US".to_string(),
applicable_agreement: TradeAgreementType::SpecialTariffMeasure("301条款".to_string()),
base_tariff_rate: 0.025,
preferential_rate: None,
special_tariff: Some(0.25),
effective_rate: 0.275,
hs_code_scope: Some("约3000亿美元中国商品（分批次）".to_string()),
rules_of_origin: None,
notes: Some("美国依据贸易法301条款对中国商品加征7.5%-25%关税".to_string()),
}],
technical_standards: vec![
TechnicalStandardRule {
source_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Ccc,
target_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Ul,
mutually_recognized: false,
additional_certification_required: true,
additional_certification_desc: Some("需获得UL认证或等效美国标准认证".to_string()),
applicable_product_categories: vec!["电气产品".to_string(), "消费品".to_string()],
},
TechnicalStandardRule {
source_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Ccc,
target_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Fcc,
mutually_recognized: false,
additional_certification_required: true,
additional_certification_desc: Some("电子通信设备需获FCC认证".to_string()),
applicable_product_categories: vec!["电子产品".to_string(), "通信设备".to_string()],
},
],
trade_controls: vec![
TradeControlRule {
control_type: TradeControlType::UsEar,
controlled_items: "半导体、先进计算、人工智能、量子计算相关技术和设备".to_string(),
license_required: true,
licensing_authority: Some("美国商务部工业和安全局（BIS）".to_string()),
embargo: false,
legal_basis: "出口管制条例（EAR），实体清单（Entity List）".to_string(),
},
TradeControlRule {
control_type: TradeControlType::UsOfac,
controlled_items: "制裁名单实体的所有交易".to_string(),
license_required: true,
licensing_authority: Some("美国财政部海外资产控制办公室（OFAC）".to_string()),
embargo: true,
legal_basis: "OFAC 制裁条例".to_string(),
},
],
currency_settlement: CurrencySettlementRule {
primary_currencies: vec!["USD".to_string()],
local_currency_settlement: false,
foreign_exchange_control: false,
capital_outflow_restriction: false,
notes: Some("中美贸易以美元结算为主；SWIFT 系统可能受制裁影响".to_string()),
},
preferred_dispute_resolution: PreferredDisputeResolution {
real_estate: "美国法院（各州）".to_string(),
goods_trade: "AAA/ICC/WTO争端解决".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "AAA/WIPO仲裁/美国法院".to_string(),
financial: "AAA/FINRA（证券）".to_string(),
},
data_transfer_rules: DataTransferRule {
cross_border_allowed: false,
data_localization_required: true,
applicable_frameworks: vec!["CCPA（加州）".to_string(), "PIPL（中国）".to_string(), "CFIUS审查".to_string()],
special_restrictions: Some("TikTok/字节跳动案例显示：中国实体持有美国用户数据面临强制剥离风险".to_string()),
},
ip_mutual_recognition: IpMutualRecognition {
patent_recognition: false,
trademark_recognition: false,
copyright_recognition: true,
applicable_treaties: vec!["伯尔尼公约".to_string(), "TRIPS".to_string(), "PCT".to_string()],
},
},
// EU-US（WTO）
BilateralCrossBorderRules {
jurisdiction_a: "EU".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "US".to_string(),
trade_agreement: TradeAgreementType::WtoMfn,
tariff_rules: vec![TariffRule {
source_jurisdiction: "EU".to_string(),
target_jurisdiction: "US".to_string(),
applicable_agreement: TradeAgreementType::WtoMfn,
base_tariff_rate: 0.035,
preferential_rate: None,
special_tariff: None,
effective_rate: 0.035,
hs_code_scope: Some("全品类（WTO MFN）".to_string()),
rules_of_origin: None,
notes: Some("TTIP 谈判搁置，目前适用 WTO MFN 税率".to_string()),
}],
technical_standards: vec![TechnicalStandardRule {
source_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Ce,
target_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Ul,
mutually_recognized: false,
additional_certification_required: true,
additional_certification_desc: Some("CE认证不被美国自动接受，需额外认证".to_string()),
applicable_product_categories: vec!["电气产品".to_string(), "医疗设备".to_string()],
}],
trade_controls: vec![TradeControlRule {
control_type: TradeControlType::EuDualUse,
controlled_items: "双用途商品和技术".to_string(),
license_required: true,
licensing_authority: Some("各成员国主管机构".to_string()),
embargo: false,
legal_basis: "EU Dual-Use Regulation (2021/821)".to_string(),
}],
currency_settlement: CurrencySettlementRule {
primary_currencies: vec!["USD".to_string(), "EUR".to_string()],
local_currency_settlement: true,
foreign_exchange_control: false,
capital_outflow_restriction: false,
notes: None,
},
preferred_dispute_resolution: PreferredDisputeResolution {
real_estate: "所在国法院".to_string(),
goods_trade: "ICC/AAA".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "ICC/WIPO仲裁".to_string(),
financial: "ICC/LCIA".to_string(),
},
data_transfer_rules: DataTransferRule {
cross_border_allowed: true,
data_localization_required: false,
applicable_frameworks: vec!["GDPR（欧盟）".to_string(), "EU-US 数据隐私框架（2023）".to_string()],
special_restrictions: Some("需符合 EU-US 数据隐私框架（DPF），Schrems II 判决后重建".to_string()),
},
ip_mutual_recognition: IpMutualRecognition {
patent_recognition: false,
trademark_recognition: false,
copyright_recognition: true,
applicable_treaties: vec!["伯尔尼公约".to_string(), "TRIPS".to_string()],
},
},
// EU-JP（EPA 已生效）
BilateralCrossBorderRules {
jurisdiction_a: "EU".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "JP".to_string(),
trade_agreement: TradeAgreementType::Epa,
tariff_rules: vec![TariffRule {
source_jurisdiction: "EU".to_string(),
target_jurisdiction: "JP".to_string(),
applicable_agreement: TradeAgreementType::Epa,
base_tariff_rate: 0.025,
preferential_rate: Some(0.0),
special_tariff: None,
effective_rate: 0.0,
hs_code_scope: Some("EPA 覆盖约99%的欧盟出口商品".to_string()),
rules_of_origin: Some("EPA 原产地规则".to_string()),
notes: Some("EU-JP EPA 2019年2月生效，全球最大FTA之一".to_string()),
}],
technical_standards: vec![TechnicalStandardRule {
source_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Ce,
target_standard: TechnicalStandardSystem::Jis,
mutually_recognized: true,
additional_certification_required: false,
additional_certification_desc: Some("EPA 包含监管合作条款，部分领域互认".to_string()),
applicable_product_categories: vec!["汽车".to_string(), "电子产品".to_string()],
}],
trade_controls: vec![],
currency_settlement: CurrencySettlementRule {
primary_currencies: vec!["EUR".to_string(), "JPY".to_string(), "USD".to_string()],
local_currency_settlement: true,
foreign_exchange_control: false,
capital_outflow_restriction: false,
notes: None,
},
preferred_dispute_resolution: PreferredDisputeResolution {
real_estate: "所在国法院".to_string(),
goods_trade: "ICC/JCAA".to_string(),
intellectual_property: "ICC/WIPO仲裁".to_string(),
financial: "ICC/LCIA".to_string(),
},
data_transfer_rules: DataTransferRule {
cross_border_allowed: true,
data_localization_required: false,
applicable_frameworks: vec!["GDPR（欧盟）".to_string(), "APPI（日本）".to_string(), "欧日数据充分性决定（2019）".to_string()],
special_restrictions: None,
},
ip_mutual_recognition: IpMutualRecognition {
patent_recognition: false,
trademark_recognition: false,
copyright_recognition: true,
applicable_treaties: vec!["伯尔尼公约".to_string(), "TRIPS".to_string(), "PCT".to_string()],
},
},
]
}
/// 查找双边跨境规则
pub fn find_bilateral_rules(
jurisdiction_a: &str,
jurisdiction_b: &str,
) -> Option<BilateralCrossBorderRules> {
let db = get_bilateral_rules_database();
db.into_iter().find(|rules| {
(rules.jurisdiction_a == jurisdiction_a && rules.jurisdiction_b == jurisdiction_b)
|| (rules.jurisdiction_a == jurisdiction_b && rules.jurisdiction_b == jurisdiction_a)
})
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_find_cn_hk_rules() {
let rules = find_bilateral_rules("CN", "HK");
assert!(rules.is_some());
let rules = rules.unwrap();
assert_eq!(rules.trade_agreement, TradeAgreementType::Cepa);
assert_eq!(rules.tariff_rules[0].effective_rate, 0.0);
}
#[test]
fn test_find_cn_us_rules() {
let rules = find_bilateral_rules("US", "CN");
assert!(rules.is_some());
let rules = rules.unwrap();
assert!(rules.tariff_rules[0].special_tariff.is_some());
assert!(rules.tariff_rules[0].effective_rate > 0.1);
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_us_data_restriction() {
let rules = find_bilateral_rules("CN", "US").unwrap();
assert!(!rules.data_transfer_rules.cross_border_allowed);
assert!(rules.data_transfer_rules.data_localization_required);
}
#[test]
fn test_eu_jp_epa_zero_tariff() {
let rules = find_bilateral_rules("EU", "JP").unwrap();
assert_eq!(rules.trade_agreement, TradeAgreementType::Epa);
assert_eq!(rules.tariff_rules[0].preferential_rate, Some(0.0));
}
#[test]
fn test_cn_jp_rcep() {
let rules = find_bilateral_rules("CN", "JP").unwrap();
assert_eq!(rules.trade_agreement, TradeAgreementType::Rcep);
assert!(!rules.trade_controls.is_empty());
assert!(rules.trade_controls.iter().any(|c| c.control_type == TradeControlType::JpFefta));
}
#[test]
fn test_bilateral_rules_database_coverage() {
let db = get_bilateral_rules_database();
assert!(db.len() >= 6);
let pairs = vec![
("CN", "HK"),
("CN", "SG"),
("CN", "JP"),
("CN", "US"),
("EU", "US"),
("EU", "JP"),
];
for (a, b) in pairs {
assert!(
find_bilateral_rules(a, b).is_some(),
"缺少 {}-{} 双边规则",
a,
b
);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_tariff_effective_rate_calculation() {
let rule = TariffRule {
source_jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
target_jurisdiction: "US".to_string(),
applicable_agreement: TradeAgreementType::SpecialTariffMeasure("301".to_string()),
base_tariff_rate: 0.025,
preferential_rate: None,
special_tariff: Some(0.25),
effective_rate: 0.275,
hs_code_scope: None,
rules_of_origin: None,
notes: None,
};
let calculated = rule.calculate_effective_rate();
assert!((calculated - 0.275).abs() < 0.001);
}
}

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// NAC RWA 全球资产上链法律要素抽象数据模型
// 版本：1.0.0
// 覆盖：资产类型、产权结构、合约要件、税收要素、跨境规则
//
// 架构层次：
// Layer 0: 金融合规层（AML/KYC）— nac-jurisdiction-rules 已实现
// Layer 1: 资产身份层（asset_types + ownership）— 本模块
// Layer 2: 产权登记层（ownership）— 本模块
// Layer 3: 合约模板层（contract_elements）— 本模块（抽象层），辖区适配器见各辖区模块
// Layer 4: 税收计算层（tax_elements）— 本模块
// Layer 5: 跨境规则层（cross_border）— 本模块
pub mod asset_types;
pub mod ownership;
pub mod contract_elements;
pub mod tax_elements;
pub mod cross_border;
// 重新导出核心类型，方便使用
pub use asset_types::{AssetCategory, RealEstateSubtype, MovablePropertySubtype, IPSubtype,
FinancialAssetSubtype, CommoditySubtype, DigitalAssetSubtype,
NaturalResourceSubtype};
pub use ownership::{LegalSystem, LegalEntityType, PropertyRightsBundle, OwnershipForm,
EncumbranceStatus};
pub use contract_elements::{ContractType, ContractCoreElements, ContractParty, PartyRole,
KycLevel, ContractFormRequirement, DisputeResolution,
ArbitrationBody, DisputeMechanism, DeliveryTerms,
RiskTransferPoint, RequiredDocument, DocumentType};
pub use tax_elements::{TaxType, TaxRateStructure, JurisdictionTaxRule, DoubleTaxationAgreement,
TaxpayerType, find_dta, get_major_dta_database};
pub use cross_border::{TradeAgreementType, TechnicalStandardSystem, BilateralCrossBorderRules,
TariffRule, find_bilateral_rules, get_bilateral_rules_database,
TradeControlType};
/// RWA 资产上链完整法律要素包
/// 这是一笔 RWA 资产上链所需的全部法律信息的聚合
#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub struct RWALegalPackage {
/// 资产类别
pub asset_category: AssetCategory,
/// 产权束
pub property_rights: PropertyRightsBundle,
/// 资产所在辖区
pub asset_jurisdiction: String,
/// 资产持有人所在辖区
pub holder_jurisdiction: String,
/// 法律体系
pub legal_system: LegalSystem,
/// 适用合约类型列表
pub applicable_contracts: Vec<ContractType>,
/// 必要文件清单
pub required_documents: Vec<contract_elements::RequiredDocument>,
/// 适用税收规则
pub applicable_taxes: Vec<JurisdictionTaxRule>,
/// 适用双边税收协定
pub applicable_dta: Option<DoubleTaxationAgreement>,
/// 跨境规则（如涉及跨境交易）
pub cross_border_rules: Option<BilateralCrossBorderRules>,
/// 是否需要伊斯兰合规
pub sharia_compliance_required: bool,
/// 验证状态
pub validation_status: ValidationStatus,
}
/// 验证状态
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub enum ValidationStatus {
/// 未验证
Pending,
/// 验证通过
Approved,
/// 验证失败
Rejected(String),
/// 需要人工审核
ManualReviewRequired(String),
}
impl RWALegalPackage {
/// 执行基础验证
pub fn validate(&self) -> ValidationStatus {
// 检查产权是否可以上链
if let Err(reason) = self.property_rights.can_be_tokenized() {
return ValidationStatus::Rejected(reason);
}
// 检查是否有适用合约
if self.applicable_contracts.is_empty() {
return ValidationStatus::Rejected("未指定适用合约类型".to_string());
}
// 检查伊斯兰合规
if self.sharia_compliance_required {
let has_sharia_contract = self.applicable_contracts.iter().any(|c| {
matches!(
c,
ContractType::MurabahaContract
| ContractType::IjaraContract
| ContractType::SukukContract
| ContractType::MusharakaContract
| ContractType::MudarabaContract
)
});
if !has_sharia_contract {
return ValidationStatus::ManualReviewRequired(
"需要伊斯兰合规合约，但未指定".to_string(),
);
}
}
ValidationStatus::Approved
}
/// 获取适用的 DTA（如涉及跨境）
pub fn lookup_dta(&self) -> Option<DoubleTaxationAgreement> {
if self.asset_jurisdiction != self.holder_jurisdiction {
find_dta(&self.asset_jurisdiction, &self.holder_jurisdiction)
} else {
None
}
}
/// 获取跨境规则
pub fn lookup_cross_border_rules(&self) -> Option<BilateralCrossBorderRules> {
if self.asset_jurisdiction != self.holder_jurisdiction {
find_bilateral_rules(&self.asset_jurisdiction, &self.holder_jurisdiction)
} else {
None
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use crate::ownership::{OwnershipRight, UsageRight, IncomeRight, DisposalRight};
fn make_clean_rights() -> PropertyRightsBundle {
PropertyRightsBundle::clean_freehold(LegalEntityType::NaturalPerson)
}
#[test]
fn test_rwa_package_cn_real_estate() {
let package = RWALegalPackage {
asset_category: AssetCategory::RealEstate(RealEstateSubtype::Residential),
property_rights: make_clean_rights(),
asset_jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
holder_jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
legal_system: LegalSystem::CivilLaw,
applicable_contracts: vec![ContractType::RealEstateSaleContract],
required_documents: vec![],
applicable_taxes: vec![],
applicable_dta: None,
cross_border_rules: None,
sharia_compliance_required: false,
validation_status: ValidationStatus::Pending,
};
let status = package.validate();
assert_eq!(status, ValidationStatus::Approved);
}
#[test]
fn test_rwa_package_ae_sharia_required() {
let package = RWALegalPackage {
asset_category: AssetCategory::FinancialAsset(FinancialAssetSubtype::Bond),
property_rights: make_clean_rights(),
asset_jurisdiction: "AE".to_string(),
holder_jurisdiction: "AE".to_string(),
legal_system: LegalSystem::ShariaLaw,
applicable_contracts: vec![ContractType::BondSubscriptionAgreement], // 普通债券，非 Sukuk
required_documents: vec![],
applicable_taxes: vec![],
applicable_dta: None,
cross_border_rules: None,
sharia_compliance_required: true, // 需要伊斯兰合规
validation_status: ValidationStatus::Pending,
};
let status = package.validate();
// 应该要求人工审核，因为没有伊斯兰合规合约
assert!(matches!(status, ValidationStatus::ManualReviewRequired(_)));
}
#[test]
fn test_rwa_package_ae_sukuk() {
let package = RWALegalPackage {
asset_category: AssetCategory::FinancialAsset(FinancialAssetSubtype::Sukuk),
property_rights: make_clean_rights(),
asset_jurisdiction: "AE".to_string(),
holder_jurisdiction: "AE".to_string(),
legal_system: LegalSystem::ShariaLaw,
applicable_contracts: vec![ContractType::SukukContract], // 正确的伊斯兰合约
required_documents: vec![],
applicable_taxes: vec![],
applicable_dta: None,
cross_border_rules: None,
sharia_compliance_required: true,
validation_status: ValidationStatus::Pending,
};
let status = package.validate();
assert_eq!(status, ValidationStatus::Approved);
}
#[test]
fn test_rwa_package_cross_border_lookup() {
let package = RWALegalPackage {
asset_category: AssetCategory::RealEstate(RealEstateSubtype::Commercial),
property_rights: make_clean_rights(),
asset_jurisdiction: "JP".to_string(),
holder_jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(), // 中国人买日本不动产
legal_system: LegalSystem::CivilLaw,
applicable_contracts: vec![ContractType::RealEstateSaleContract],
required_documents: vec![],
applicable_taxes: vec![],
applicable_dta: None,
cross_border_rules: None,
sharia_compliance_required: false,
validation_status: ValidationStatus::Pending,
};
// 查找 DTA
let dta = package.lookup_dta();
assert!(dta.is_some());
assert_eq!(dta.unwrap().dividend_withholding_rate, 10.0);
// 查找跨境规则
let rules = package.lookup_cross_border_rules();
assert!(rules.is_some());
assert_eq!(rules.unwrap().trade_agreement, TradeAgreementType::Rcep);
}
#[test]
fn test_seized_asset_rejected() {
let mut rights = make_clean_rights();
rights.encumbrance.has_seizure = true;
let package = RWALegalPackage {
asset_category: AssetCategory::RealEstate(RealEstateSubtype::Residential),
property_rights: rights,
asset_jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
holder_jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
legal_system: LegalSystem::CivilLaw,
applicable_contracts: vec![ContractType::RealEstateSaleContract],
required_documents: vec![],
applicable_taxes: vec![],
applicable_dta: None,
cross_border_rules: None,
sharia_compliance_required: false,
validation_status: ValidationStatus::Pending,
};
let status = package.validate();
assert!(matches!(status, ValidationStatus::Rejected(_)));
}
#[test]
fn test_ip_cross_border_cn_us() {
let package = RWALegalPackage {
asset_category: AssetCategory::IntellectualProperty(IPSubtype::InventionPatent),
property_rights: make_clean_rights(),
asset_jurisdiction: "CN".to_string(),
holder_jurisdiction: "US".to_string(),
legal_system: LegalSystem::CommonLaw,
applicable_contracts: vec![ContractType::PatentLicenseNonExclusive],
required_documents: vec![],
applicable_taxes: vec![],
applicable_dta: None,
cross_border_rules: None,
sharia_compliance_required: false,
validation_status: ValidationStatus::Pending,
};
// 验证通过
assert_eq!(package.validate(), ValidationStatus::Approved);
// 查找跨境规则（中美）
let rules = package.lookup_cross_border_rules();
assert!(rules.is_some());
// 中美之间有出口管制
let rules = rules.unwrap();
assert!(!rules.trade_controls.is_empty());
}
}

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// NAC RWA 产权结构模型
// 覆盖全球主要法律体系的产权表达方式
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
/// 全球法律体系分类
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum LegalSystem {
/// 大陆法系（Civil Law）— 德国、法国、日本、中国、韩国、巴西等
CivilLaw,
/// 普通法系（Common Law）— 英国、美国、澳大利亚、香港、新加坡等
CommonLaw,
/// 伊斯兰法系（Sharia Law）— 沙特、阿联酋部分、马来西亚部分
ShariaLaw,
/// 混合法系（Mixed）— 南非、以色列、菲律宾等
Mixed(Box<LegalSystem>, Box<LegalSystem>),
/// 北欧法系（Nordic）— 北欧五国
Nordic,
}
/// 法律主体类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum LegalEntityType {
/// 自然人（Natural Person）
NaturalPerson,
/// 法人（Legal Person / Corporation）
Corporation,
/// 合伙企业（Partnership）
Partnership,
/// 信托（Trust）— 普通法系常见
Trust,
/// 基金（Fund）
Fund,
/// 政府机构（Government Entity）
GovernmentEntity,
/// 国际组织（International Organization）
InternationalOrganization,
/// 特殊目的载体（SPV — Special Purpose Vehicle）
SPV,
/// 伊斯兰基金（Waqf — Islamic Endowment）
Waqf,
}
/// 产权束（Bundle of Rights）— 现代产权理论
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct PropertyRightsBundle {
/// 所有权（Ownership / Title）
pub ownership: OwnershipRight,
/// 使用权（Right to Use / Usufruct）
pub usage_right: UsageRight,
/// 收益权（Right to Income / Fruits）
pub income_right: IncomeRight,
/// 处置权（Right to Dispose / Alienation）
pub disposal_right: DisposalRight,
/// 排他权（Right to Exclude）
pub exclusion_right: bool,
/// 抵押/质押状态（Encumbrance Status）
pub encumbrance: EncumbranceStatus,
}
/// 所有权详情
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct OwnershipRight {
/// 所有权人
pub owner: LegalEntityType,
/// 所有权形式
pub ownership_form: OwnershipForm,
/// 是否经过政府登记
pub registered: bool,
/// 登记机构
pub registry: Option<String>,
/// 登记证书编号
pub certificate_id: Option<String>,
}
/// 所有权形式
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum OwnershipForm {
/// 完全所有权（Fee Simple / Freehold）
FeeSImple,
/// 共有（Co-ownership / Joint Tenancy）
CoOwnership,
/// 按份共有（Tenancy in Common）
TenancyInCommon,
/// 夫妻共有（Community Property）
CommunityProperty,
/// 信托持有（Held in Trust）
HeldInTrust,
/// 租赁权（Leasehold）
Leasehold,
/// 地上权（Surface Rights / Superficies）
SurfaceRights,
/// 永佃权（Emphyteusis）
Emphyteusis,
/// 国有（State Ownership）
StateOwnership,
/// 集体所有（Collective Ownership）— 中国特色
CollectiveOwnership,
}
/// 使用权详情
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct UsageRight {
/// 使用权人（可与所有权人不同）
pub holder: Option<LegalEntityType>,
/// 使用期限（年，None 表示永久）
pub duration_years: Option<u32>,
/// 使用限制
pub restrictions: Vec<UsageRestriction>,
/// 是否可转让
pub transferable: bool,
}
/// 使用限制类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum UsageRestriction {
/// 仅住宅用途
ResidentialOnly,
/// 仅商业用途
CommercialOnly,
/// 仅工业用途
IndustrialOnly,
/// 仅农业用途
AgriculturalOnly,
/// 禁止转租
NoSublet,
/// 禁止改建
NoAlteration,
/// 文物保护限制
HeritageProtection,
/// 环境保护限制
EnvironmentalProtection,
/// 外国人持有限制
ForeignOwnershipRestriction,
}
/// 收益权详情
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct IncomeRight {
/// 收益权人
pub holder: Option<LegalEntityType>,
/// 收益分配比例（百分比，0-100）
pub distribution_ratio: f64,
/// 收益类型
pub income_types: Vec<IncomeType>,
}
/// 收益类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum IncomeType {
/// 租金收益
RentalIncome,
/// 资本增值
CapitalGain,
/// 股息/分红
Dividend,
/// 利息（注：伊斯兰法禁止）
Interest,
/// 特许权使用费（版税）
Royalty,
/// 经营收益
OperatingIncome,
/// 资源开采收益
ResourceExtractionIncome,
}
/// 处置权详情
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct DisposalRight {
/// 是否可自由出售
pub freely_transferable: bool,
/// 转让限制
pub transfer_restrictions: Vec<TransferRestriction>,
/// 优先购买权持有人
pub right_of_first_refusal: Option<LegalEntityType>,
/// 政府审批要求
pub government_approval_required: bool,
}
/// 转让限制类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum TransferRestriction {
/// 锁定期（Lock-up Period）
LockUpPeriod(u32), // 月数
/// 禁止向外国人转让
NoTransferToForeigners,
/// 禁止向竞争对手转让
NoTransferToCompetitors,
/// 需要共有人同意
CoOwnerConsent,
/// 需要政府批准
GovernmentApproval,
/// 需要监管机构批准
RegulatoryApproval,
/// 继承限制
InheritanceRestriction,
}
/// 抵押/质押状态
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct EncumbranceStatus {
/// 是否存在抵押
pub has_mortgage: bool,
/// 是否存在质押
pub has_pledge: bool,
/// 是否存在查封/冻结
pub has_seizure: bool,
/// 是否存在地役权
pub has_easement: bool,
/// 是否存在优先权
pub has_lien: bool,
/// 抵押金额（USD）
pub mortgage_amount_usd: Option<f64>,
/// 抵押权人
pub mortgagee: Option<String>,
}
impl PropertyRightsBundle {
/// 创建完全清洁产权（无任何限制和负担）
pub fn clean_freehold(owner_type: LegalEntityType) -> Self {
Self {
ownership: OwnershipRight {
owner: owner_type,
ownership_form: OwnershipForm::FeeSImple,
registered: true,
registry: None,
certificate_id: None,
},
usage_right: UsageRight {
holder: None,
duration_years: None,
restrictions: vec![],
transferable: true,
},
income_right: IncomeRight {
holder: None,
distribution_ratio: 100.0,
income_types: vec![IncomeType::RentalIncome, IncomeType::CapitalGain],
},
disposal_right: DisposalRight {
freely_transferable: true,
transfer_restrictions: vec![],
right_of_first_refusal: None,
government_approval_required: false,
},
exclusion_right: true,
encumbrance: EncumbranceStatus {
has_mortgage: false,
has_pledge: false,
has_seizure: false,
has_easement: false,
has_lien: false,
mortgage_amount_usd: None,
mortgagee: None,
},
}
}
/// 检查产权是否清洁（无负担）
pub fn is_clean(&self) -> bool {
!self.encumbrance.has_mortgage
&& !self.encumbrance.has_pledge
&& !self.encumbrance.has_seizure
&& !self.encumbrance.has_lien
&& self.disposal_right.freely_transferable
}
/// 检查是否可以上链（最低要求）
pub fn can_be_tokenized(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
if self.encumbrance.has_seizure {
return Err("资产处于查封/冻结状态，无法上链".to_string());
}
if !self.ownership.registered {
return Err("资产产权未经政府登记，无法上链".to_string());
}
Ok(())
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_clean_freehold() {
let rights = PropertyRightsBundle::clean_freehold(LegalEntityType::NaturalPerson);
assert!(rights.is_clean());
assert!(rights.can_be_tokenized().is_ok());
}
#[test]
fn test_seized_asset_cannot_tokenize() {
let mut rights = PropertyRightsBundle::clean_freehold(LegalEntityType::Corporation);
rights.encumbrance.has_seizure = true;
assert!(rights.can_be_tokenized().is_err());
}
#[test]
fn test_unregistered_cannot_tokenize() {
let mut rights = PropertyRightsBundle::clean_freehold(LegalEntityType::NaturalPerson);
rights.ownership.registered = false;
assert!(rights.can_be_tokenized().is_err());
}
#[test]
fn test_mortgaged_not_clean_but_can_tokenize() {
let mut rights = PropertyRightsBundle::clean_freehold(LegalEntityType::Corporation);
rights.encumbrance.has_mortgage = true;
rights.encumbrance.mortgage_amount_usd = Some(500_000.0);
// 有抵押但未查封，可以上链（需披露抵押信息）
assert!(!rights.is_clean());
assert!(rights.can_be_tokenized().is_ok());
}
#[test]
fn test_legal_systems() {
let civil = LegalSystem::CivilLaw;
let common = LegalSystem::CommonLaw;
let sharia = LegalSystem::ShariaLaw;
assert_ne!(civil, common);
assert_ne!(common, sharia);
}
#[test]
fn test_collective_ownership_china() {
// 中国农村土地集体所有制
let rights = PropertyRightsBundle {
ownership: OwnershipRight {
owner: LegalEntityType::GovernmentEntity,
ownership_form: OwnershipForm::CollectiveOwnership,
registered: true,
registry: Some("中国不动产登记中心".to_string()),
certificate_id: Some("CNRE2024001".to_string()),
},
usage_right: UsageRight {
holder: Some(LegalEntityType::NaturalPerson),
duration_years: Some(30),
restrictions: vec![UsageRestriction::AgriculturalOnly],
transferable: false,
},
income_right: IncomeRight {
holder: Some(LegalEntityType::NaturalPerson),
distribution_ratio: 100.0,
income_types: vec![IncomeType::OperatingIncome],
},
disposal_right: DisposalRight {
freely_transferable: false,
transfer_restrictions: vec![TransferRestriction::GovernmentApproval],
right_of_first_refusal: None,
government_approval_required: true,
},
exclusion_right: true,
encumbrance: EncumbranceStatus {
has_mortgage: false,
has_pledge: false,
has_seizure: false,
has_easement: false,
has_lien: false,
mortgage_amount_usd: None,
mortgagee: None,
},
};
// 集体所有土地使用权可以上链（已登记），但转让受限
assert!(rights.can_be_tokenized().is_ok());
assert!(!rights.disposal_right.freely_transferable);
}
}

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// NAC RWA 税收要素模型
// 覆盖全球主要辖区的资产交易税收规则
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
/// 税收类型枚举
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum TaxType {
// ===== 交易税 =====
/// 契税/产权转让税（不动产）
PropertyTransferTax,
/// 增值税（VAT/GST）
ValueAddedTax,
/// 印花税
StampDuty,
/// 资本利得税
CapitalGainsTax,
/// 遗产税/赠与税
InheritanceOrGiftTax,
// ===== 持有税 =====
/// 房产税/不动产税
PropertyTax,
/// 土地使用税
LandUseTax,
/// 财富税
WealthTax,
// ===== 收益税 =====
/// 企业所得税
CorporateIncomeTax,
/// 个人所得税
PersonalIncomeTax,
/// 预提税（跨境支付）
WithholdingTax,
/// 特许权使用费税（版税）
RoyaltyTax,
// ===== 跨境税 =====
/// 进口关税
ImportDuty,
/// 出口关税
ExportDuty,
/// 反倾销税
AntiDumpingDuty,
/// 反补贴税
CountervailingDuty,
// ===== 特殊税 =====
/// 外国人购置附加税（如新加坡 ABSD）
ForeignBuyerSurcharge,
/// 数字服务税
DigitalServicesTax,
/// 碳税
CarbonTax,
/// 金融交易税
FinancialTransactionTax,
}
/// 税率结构
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum TaxRateStructure {
/// 固定税率
Flat(f64),
/// 阶梯税率
Progressive(Vec<TaxBracket>),
/// 区间税率（最低-最高）
Range { min: f64, max: f64 },
/// 免税
Exempt,
/// 零税率（仍需申报）
ZeroRated,
/// 待定（需根据具体情况确定）
ToBeDetermined,
}
/// 税率阶梯
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TaxBracket {
/// 起征点（USD）
pub threshold_usd: f64,
/// 适用税率
pub rate: f64,
/// 说明
pub description: String,
}
/// 税收豁免条件
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum TaxExemptionCondition {
/// 首套自住房
FirstHomeOwnerOccupied,
/// 持有满指定年限
HoldingPeriodMet(u32), // 年数
/// 小额交易豁免
SmallTransactionThreshold,
/// 特定资产类型豁免
SpecificAssetType,
/// 外交豁免
DiplomaticImmunity,
/// 慈善机构豁免
CharitableOrganization,
/// 政府机构豁免
GovernmentEntity,
/// 双边税收协定豁免
DTAExemption(String), // 协定名称
/// 伊斯兰金融豁免（部分国家）
IslamicFinanceExemption,
}
/// 单辖区税收规则
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct JurisdictionTaxRule {
/// 辖区代码
pub jurisdiction: String,
/// 税收类型
pub tax_type: TaxType,
/// 税率结构
pub rate_structure: TaxRateStructure,
/// 纳税义务人（买方/卖方/双方）
pub taxpayer: TaxpayerType,
/// 豁免条件
pub exemptions: Vec<TaxExemptionCondition>,
/// 外国人是否适用不同税率
pub foreign_rate_different: bool,
/// 外国人税率（如适用）
pub foreign_rate: Option<TaxRateStructure>,
/// 申报截止期（天，从交易日起）
pub filing_deadline_days: Option<u32>,
/// 法律依据
pub legal_basis: String,
/// 备注
pub notes: Option<String>,
}
/// 纳税义务人
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum TaxpayerType {
Buyer,
Seller,
Both,
Shared { buyer_ratio: u32, seller_ratio: u32 }, // 百分比
Withholding, // 由支付方代扣代缴
}
/// 双边税收协定（DTA）
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct DoubleTaxationAgreement {
/// 协定名称
pub name: String,
/// 缔约方辖区1
pub jurisdiction_a: String,
/// 缔约方辖区2
pub jurisdiction_b: String,
/// 生效日期（Unix 时间戳）
pub effective_date: u64,
/// 股息预提税率（%）
pub dividend_withholding_rate: f64,
/// 利息预提税率（%）
pub interest_withholding_rate: f64,
/// 特许权使用费预提税率（%）
pub royalty_withholding_rate: f64,
/// 资本利得是否豁免
pub capital_gains_exempt: bool,
/// 不动产收益适用规则
pub real_estate_income_rule: RealEstateIncomeRule,
/// 信息交换条款
pub information_exchange: bool,
/// 备注
pub notes: Option<String>,
}
/// 不动产收益适用规则（DTA 中的标准条款）
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum RealEstateIncomeRule {
/// 适用所在国税法（OECD 标准）
SourceCountryTaxes,
/// 居住国税法
ResidenceCountryTaxes,
/// 双方均可征税
BothMayTax,
}
/// 税收计算结果
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct TaxCalculationResult {
/// 辖区
pub jurisdiction: String,
/// 税收类型
pub tax_type: TaxType,
/// 计税基础（USD）
pub tax_base_usd: f64,
/// 适用税率
pub applicable_rate: f64,
/// 应纳税额（USD）
pub tax_amount_usd: f64,
/// 是否享有豁免
pub exemption_applied: bool,
/// 豁免依据
pub exemption_basis: Option<String>,
/// 是否适用 DTA
pub dta_applied: bool,
/// DTA 名称
pub dta_name: Option<String>,
}
/// 全球主要 DTA 数据库（核心双边协定）
pub fn get_major_dta_database() -> Vec<DoubleTaxationAgreement> {
vec![
DoubleTaxationAgreement {
name: "中日税收协定".to_string(),
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "JP".to_string(),
effective_date: 631152000, // 1990-01-01
dividend_withholding_rate: 10.0,
interest_withholding_rate: 10.0,
royalty_withholding_rate: 10.0,
capital_gains_exempt: false,
real_estate_income_rule: RealEstateIncomeRule::SourceCountryTaxes,
information_exchange: true,
notes: Some("中日双边税收协定，1990年生效".to_string()),
},
DoubleTaxationAgreement {
name: "中新税收协定".to_string(),
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "SG".to_string(),
effective_date: 694224000, // 1992-01-01
dividend_withholding_rate: 5.0,
interest_withholding_rate: 7.0,
royalty_withholding_rate: 10.0,
capital_gains_exempt: false,
real_estate_income_rule: RealEstateIncomeRule::SourceCountryTaxes,
information_exchange: true,
notes: Some("中新双边税收协定，多次修订".to_string()),
},
DoubleTaxationAgreement {
name: "中英税收协定".to_string(),
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "GB".to_string(),
effective_date: 536457600, // 1987-01-01
dividend_withholding_rate: 10.0,
interest_withholding_rate: 10.0,
royalty_withholding_rate: 10.0,
capital_gains_exempt: false,
real_estate_income_rule: RealEstateIncomeRule::SourceCountryTaxes,
information_exchange: true,
notes: Some("中英双边税收协定".to_string()),
},
DoubleTaxationAgreement {
name: "中德税收协定".to_string(),
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "EU-DE".to_string(),
effective_date: 536457600,
dividend_withholding_rate: 10.0,
interest_withholding_rate: 10.0,
royalty_withholding_rate: 10.0,
capital_gains_exempt: false,
real_estate_income_rule: RealEstateIncomeRule::SourceCountryTaxes,
information_exchange: true,
notes: Some("中德双边税收协定".to_string()),
},
DoubleTaxationAgreement {
name: "中澳税收协定".to_string(),
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "AU".to_string(),
effective_date: 536457600,
dividend_withholding_rate: 15.0,
interest_withholding_rate: 10.0,
royalty_withholding_rate: 10.0,
capital_gains_exempt: false,
real_estate_income_rule: RealEstateIncomeRule::SourceCountryTaxes,
information_exchange: true,
notes: Some("中澳双边税收协定".to_string()),
},
DoubleTaxationAgreement {
name: "中韩税收协定".to_string(),
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "KR".to_string(),
effective_date: 757382400, // 1994-01-01
dividend_withholding_rate: 10.0,
interest_withholding_rate: 10.0,
royalty_withholding_rate: 10.0,
capital_gains_exempt: false,
real_estate_income_rule: RealEstateIncomeRule::SourceCountryTaxes,
information_exchange: true,
notes: Some("中韩双边税收协定".to_string()),
},
DoubleTaxationAgreement {
name: "EU-JP 经济伙伴协定（税收部分）".to_string(),
jurisdiction_a: "EU".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "JP".to_string(),
effective_date: 1548979200, // 2019-02-01
dividend_withholding_rate: 5.0,
interest_withholding_rate: 10.0,
royalty_withholding_rate: 5.0,
capital_gains_exempt: false,
real_estate_income_rule: RealEstateIncomeRule::SourceCountryTaxes,
information_exchange: true,
notes: Some("EU-JP EPA 税收条款".to_string()),
},
DoubleTaxationAgreement {
name: "中港 CEPA 税收安排".to_string(),
jurisdiction_a: "CN".to_string(),
jurisdiction_b: "HK".to_string(),
effective_date: 1072915200, // 2004-01-01
dividend_withholding_rate: 5.0,
interest_withholding_rate: 7.0,
royalty_withholding_rate: 7.0,
capital_gains_exempt: true,
real_estate_income_rule: RealEstateIncomeRule::SourceCountryTaxes,
information_exchange: true,
notes: Some("CEPA 框架下的税收安排，优惠税率".to_string()),
},
]
}
/// 查找适用的双边税收协定
pub fn find_dta(jurisdiction_a: &str, jurisdiction_b: &str) -> Option<DoubleTaxationAgreement> {
let db = get_major_dta_database();
db.into_iter().find(|dta| {
(dta.jurisdiction_a == jurisdiction_a && dta.jurisdiction_b == jurisdiction_b)
|| (dta.jurisdiction_a == jurisdiction_b && dta.jurisdiction_b == jurisdiction_a)
})
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_find_cn_jp_dta() {
let dta = find_dta("CN", "JP");
assert!(dta.is_some());
let dta = dta.unwrap();
assert_eq!(dta.dividend_withholding_rate, 10.0);
assert_eq!(dta.royalty_withholding_rate, 10.0);
}
#[test]
fn test_find_cn_hk_dta() {
let dta = find_dta("HK", "CN");
assert!(dta.is_some());
let dta = dta.unwrap();
// CEPA 优惠税率
assert_eq!(dta.dividend_withholding_rate, 5.0);
assert!(dta.capital_gains_exempt);
}
#[test]
fn test_no_cn_us_dta() {
// 中美之间没有全面税收协定（仅有有限协定）
let dta = find_dta("CN", "US");
assert!(dta.is_none());
}
#[test]
fn test_tax_rate_progressive() {
let progressive = TaxRateStructure::Progressive(vec![
TaxBracket {
threshold_usd: 0.0,
rate: 0.01,
description: "首套住宅，面积90平米以下".to_string(),
},
TaxBracket {
threshold_usd: 0.0,
rate: 0.015,
description: "首套住宅，面积90-144平米".to_string(),
},
TaxBracket {
threshold_usd: 0.0,
rate: 0.03,
description: "非首套或面积超144平米".to_string(),
},
]);
if let TaxRateStructure::Progressive(brackets) = progressive {
assert_eq!(brackets.len(), 3);
assert_eq!(brackets[0].rate, 0.01);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_singapore_absd_foreign_buyer() {
let rule = JurisdictionTaxRule {
jurisdiction: "SG".to_string(),
tax_type: TaxType::ForeignBuyerSurcharge,
rate_structure: TaxRateStructure::Flat(0.60), // 60% ABSD for foreigners
taxpayer: TaxpayerType::Buyer,
exemptions: vec![TaxExemptionCondition::DTAExemption(
"SG-US FTA".to_string(),
)],
foreign_rate_different: true,
foreign_rate: Some(TaxRateStructure::Flat(0.60)),
filing_deadline_days: Some(14),
legal_basis: "Stamp Duties Act, Additional Buyer's Stamp Duty".to_string(),
notes: Some("外国人购买新加坡住宅附加印花税60%（2023年起）".to_string()),
};
assert_eq!(rule.jurisdiction, "SG");
if let TaxRateStructure::Flat(rate) = rule.rate_structure {
assert_eq!(rate, 0.60);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_uae_no_property_tax() {
let rule = JurisdictionTaxRule {
jurisdiction: "AE".to_string(),
tax_type: TaxType::PropertyTax,
rate_structure: TaxRateStructure::Exempt,
taxpayer: TaxpayerType::Both,
exemptions: vec![],
foreign_rate_different: false,
foreign_rate: None,
filing_deadline_days: None,
legal_basis: "UAE 无个人所得税和房产持有税".to_string(),
notes: Some("阿联酋不征收房产持有税，仅收4% DLD转让费".to_string()),
};
assert_eq!(rule.rate_structure, TaxRateStructure::Exempt);
}
#[test]
fn test_dta_database_coverage() {
let db = get_major_dta_database();
assert!(db.len() >= 8);
// 验证关键协定存在
assert!(db.iter().any(|d| d.jurisdiction_a == "CN" && d.jurisdiction_b == "JP"));
assert!(db.iter().any(|d| d.jurisdiction_a == "CN" && d.jurisdiction_b == "HK"));
assert!(db.iter().any(|d| d.jurisdiction_a == "CN" && d.jurisdiction_b == "SG"));
}
}

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[package]
name = "nac-rwa-sharia-compliance"
version = "1.0.0"
edition = "2021"
description = "NAC RWA 伊斯兰合规合约层 — AE/SA/MY 辖区 Sharia 合规"
authors = ["NAC Development Team"]
[lib]
name = "nac_rwa_sharia_compliance"
path = "src/lib.rs"
[lints.rust]
warnings = "deny"
[dependencies]
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
thiserror = "1.0"

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// NAC RWA 伊斯兰合规合约层（Sharia Compliance Layer）
// 版本：1.0.0
//
// 覆盖辖区：
// AE（阿联酋）、SA（沙特阿拉伯）、MY（马来西亚）
//
// 核心原则：
// 1. 禁止利息（Riba）—— 任何形式的固定利息均被禁止
// 2. 禁止不确定性（Gharar）—— 合同条款须明确，不能有过度不确定性
// 3. 禁止赌博（Maysir）—— 禁止投机性交易
// 4. 禁止非法商品（Haram）—— 禁止猪肉、酒精、武器等非法商品
// 5. 风险共担（Musharakah）—— 利润和损失须共同承担
// 6. 资产支持（Asset-Backed）—— 金融交易须有真实资产支撑
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
/// 伊斯兰金融结构类型
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum IslamicFinanceStructure {
/// Murabaha（成本加成融资）—— 银行购买资产后以成本加利润出售给客户
Murabaha,
/// Ijara（伊斯兰租赁）—— 类似融资租赁，但无利息
Ijara,
/// Ijara wa Iqtina（租赁并购买）—— 租赁期满后转让所有权
IjaraWaIqtina,
/// Musharakah（合伙）—— 双方共同出资，按比例分享利润和损失
Musharakah,
/// Mudarabah（信托融资）—— 一方出资，另一方经营，按约定比例分配利润
Mudarabah,
/// Sukuk（伊斯兰债券）—— 基于资产的证券，代表对资产的所有权份额
Sukuk,
/// Istisna（制造合同）—— 预先约定制造某物品的合同
Istisna,
/// Salam（预付货款）—— 预先付款，未来交付商品
Salam,
/// Wakalah（代理）—— 委托代理关系
Wakalah,
/// Takaful（伊斯兰保险）—— 互助保险，基于共同担保原则
Takaful,
}
/// Sharia 审查委员会要求
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ShariaBoardRequirement {
/// 是否需要 Sharia 审查委员会批准
pub required: bool,
/// 最低委员人数
pub minimum_scholars: u8,
/// 是否需要 Fatwa（宗教裁定）
pub fatwa_required: bool,
/// 推荐的 Sharia 审查机构
pub recommended_boards: Vec<String>,
/// 持续合规监督要求
pub ongoing_monitoring: bool,
}
/// 禁止条款（Haram 清单）
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct HaramProhibitions {
/// 禁止商品类别
pub prohibited_goods: Vec<String>,
/// 禁止行业
pub prohibited_industries: Vec<String>,
/// 禁止金融结构
pub prohibited_structures: Vec<String>,
/// 禁止合同条款
pub prohibited_clauses: Vec<String>,
}
/// Sharia 合规资产要求
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ShariaAssetRequirements {
/// 资产须为真实有形资产
pub must_be_tangible: bool,
/// 资产须合法（Halal）
pub must_be_halal: bool,
/// 资产须可识别和确定
pub must_be_identifiable: bool,
/// 资产须已存在（Salam 除外）
pub must_exist_at_contract: bool,
/// 资产须可交付
pub must_be_deliverable: bool,
/// 特殊说明
pub special_notes: Vec<String>,
}
/// 利润分配规则（替代利息）
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ProfitSharingRule {
/// 金融结构类型
pub structure: IslamicFinanceStructure,
/// 利润分配比例描述
pub profit_sharing_ratio: String,
/// 损失承担规则
pub loss_bearing_rule: String,
/// 基准利率替代（如 LIBOR 替代）
pub benchmark_alternative: Option<String>,
/// 说明
pub notes: String,
}
/// Sukuk（伊斯兰债券）结构
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SukukStructure {
/// Sukuk 类型
pub sukuk_type: IslamicFinanceStructure,
/// 基础资产描述
pub underlying_asset: String,
/// SPV（特殊目的载体）要求
pub spv_required: bool,
/// 资产转让要求
pub asset_transfer_required: bool,
/// 收益率计算方式（替代利息）
pub return_calculation: String,
/// 赎回机制
pub redemption_mechanism: String,
/// Sharia 审查要求
pub sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement,
}
/// 辖区 Sharia 合规框架
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ShariaComplianceFramework {
/// 辖区代码
pub jurisdiction: String,
/// 辖区名称
pub jurisdiction_name: String,
/// 伊斯兰金融监管机构
pub regulatory_body: String,
/// 适用的伊斯兰金融法律
pub applicable_laws: Vec<String>,
/// Sharia 审查委员会要求
pub sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement,
/// 禁止条款
pub prohibitions: HaramProhibitions,
/// 资产要求
pub asset_requirements: ShariaAssetRequirements,
/// 支持的金融结构
pub supported_structures: Vec<IslamicFinanceStructure>,
/// 利润分配规则
pub profit_sharing_rules: Vec<ProfitSharingRule>,
/// Sukuk 发行要求（如支持）
pub sukuk_requirements: Option<SukukStructure>,
/// 不动产 Sharia 合规要求
pub real_estate_sharia_requirements: Vec<String>,
/// 商品交易 Sharia 合规要求
pub goods_trade_sharia_requirements: Vec<String>,
/// 知识产权 Sharia 合规要求
pub ip_sharia_requirements: Vec<String>,
/// 与传统金融的互操作性说明
pub conventional_interoperability: String,
}
/// 获取辖区 Sharia 合规框架
pub fn get_sharia_framework(jurisdiction: &str) -> Option<ShariaComplianceFramework> {
match jurisdiction.to_uppercase().as_str() {
"AE" => Some(ae_sharia_framework()),
"SA" => Some(sa_sharia_framework()),
"MY" => Some(my_sharia_framework()),
_ => None,
}
}
/// 验证合同是否符合 Sharia 原则
pub fn validate_sharia_compliance(
jurisdiction: &str,
structure: &IslamicFinanceStructure,
has_interest: bool,
has_excessive_uncertainty: bool,
involves_haram_goods: bool,
) -> ShariaValidationResult {
let framework = match get_sharia_framework(jurisdiction) {
Some(f) => f,
None => return ShariaValidationResult {
is_compliant: false,
violations: vec![format!("辖区 {} 不在 Sharia 合规覆盖范围内", jurisdiction)],
recommendations: vec![],
requires_fatwa: false,
},
};
let mut violations = Vec::new();
let mut recommendations = Vec::new();
if has_interest {
violations.push("违反禁止利息原则（Riba）：合同包含固定利息条款".to_string());
recommendations.push(format!("建议将利息结构替换为 {:?} 结构", IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha));
}
if has_excessive_uncertainty {
violations.push("违反禁止不确定性原则（Gharar）：合同条款存在过度不确定性".to_string());
recommendations.push("建议明确所有合同条款，消除不确定性".to_string());
}
if involves_haram_goods {
violations.push("违反禁止非法商品原则（Haram）：交易涉及禁止商品".to_string());
recommendations.push("须确认交易商品符合 Halal 标准".to_string());
}
if !framework.supported_structures.contains(structure) {
violations.push(format!("金融结构 {:?} 在 {} 辖区不被支持", structure, jurisdiction));
recommendations.push(format!("建议使用支持的结构：{:?}", framework.supported_structures));
}
let requires_fatwa = framework.sharia_board.fatwa_required && violations.is_empty();
ShariaValidationResult {
is_compliant: violations.is_empty(),
violations,
recommendations,
requires_fatwa,
}
}
/// Sharia 合规验证结果
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ShariaValidationResult {
/// 是否合规
pub is_compliant: bool,
/// 违规项目
pub violations: Vec<String>,
/// 建议
pub recommendations: Vec<String>,
/// 是否需要 Fatwa
pub requires_fatwa: bool,
}
fn ae_sharia_framework() -> ShariaComplianceFramework {
ShariaComplianceFramework {
jurisdiction: "AE".to_string(),
jurisdiction_name: "阿联酋（United Arab Emirates）".to_string(),
regulatory_body: "阿联酋中央银行（CBUAE）+ 迪拜伊斯兰经济局（DIEDC）+ AAOIFI".to_string(),
applicable_laws: vec![
"联邦第6号法律（2004年）：伊斯兰银行法".to_string(),
"联邦第14号法律（2018年）：伊斯兰金融机构法".to_string(),
"迪拜国际金融中心（DIFC）：伊斯兰金融规则".to_string(),
"AAOIFI Sharia Standards（会计和审计组织标准）".to_string(),
],
sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement {
required: true,
minimum_scholars: 3,
fatwa_required: true,
recommended_boards: vec![
"AAOIFI（伊斯兰金融机构会计和审计组织）".to_string(),
"迪拜伊斯兰银行 Sharia 委员会".to_string(),
"阿布扎比伊斯兰银行 Sharia 委员会".to_string(),
],
ongoing_monitoring: true,
},
prohibitions: HaramProhibitions {
prohibited_goods: vec![
"猪肉及猪肉制品".to_string(),
"酒精及含酒精饮料".to_string(),
"武器弹药（民用）".to_string(),
"色情内容".to_string(),
"赌博设备".to_string(),
],
prohibited_industries: vec![
"传统银行（基于利息）".to_string(),
"酒类生产和销售".to_string(),
"赌博业".to_string(),
"猪肉相关产业".to_string(),
"烟草业（部分学者认为禁止）".to_string(),
],
prohibited_structures: vec![
"固定利率贷款（Riba al-Nasi'ah）".to_string(),
"超额利息（Riba al-Fadl）".to_string(),
"期权和期货（Gharar过度）".to_string(),
"空头卖出（不拥有资产即出售）".to_string(),
"信用违约互换（CDS）".to_string(),
],
prohibited_clauses: vec![
"固定利率条款".to_string(),
"罚息条款（迟延利息）".to_string(),
"不确定价格条款".to_string(),
"条件性销售（买方须购买另一商品）".to_string(),
],
},
asset_requirements: ShariaAssetRequirements {
must_be_tangible: true,
must_be_halal: true,
must_be_identifiable: true,
must_exist_at_contract: true,
must_be_deliverable: true,
special_notes: vec![
"Sukuk 须基于真实资产，不能是纯债务".to_string(),
"Murabaha 中银行须实际拥有资产后再出售".to_string(),
"Ijara 中出租物须为合法资产".to_string(),
],
},
supported_structures: vec![
IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Ijara,
IslamicFinanceStructure::IjaraWaIqtina,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Mudarabah,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Istisna,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Wakalah,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Takaful,
],
profit_sharing_rules: vec![
ProfitSharingRule {
structure: IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
profit_sharing_ratio: "按约定比例分配利润（通常与出资比例相关）".to_string(),
loss_bearing_rule: "按出资比例承担损失".to_string(),
benchmark_alternative: Some("EIBOR（阿联酋银行间利率）作为参考基准，但不作为利息".to_string()),
notes: "利润分配比例须在合同签订时明确约定".to_string(),
},
ProfitSharingRule {
structure: IslamicFinanceStructure::Mudarabah,
profit_sharing_ratio: "出资方（Rab al-Mal）和经营方（Mudarib）按约定比例分配利润".to_string(),
loss_bearing_rule: "损失由出资方承担，经营方损失时间和劳动".to_string(),
benchmark_alternative: None,
notes: "经营方不保证利润，但须尽职经营".to_string(),
},
],
sukuk_requirements: Some(SukukStructure {
sukuk_type: IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk,
underlying_asset: "须为真实有形资产（不动产、基础设施、设备等）".to_string(),
spv_required: true,
asset_transfer_required: true,
return_calculation: "基于资产收益（租金、利润分成），而非固定利率".to_string(),
redemption_mechanism: "到期按约定价格赎回，或通过资产处置".to_string(),
sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement {
required: true,
minimum_scholars: 3,
fatwa_required: true,
recommended_boards: vec![
"AAOIFI认证的 Sharia 委员会".to_string(),
"迪拜金融服务局（DFSA）认可的 Sharia 顾问".to_string(),
],
ongoing_monitoring: true,
},
}),
real_estate_sharia_requirements: vec![
"不动产融资须使用 Ijara wa Iqtina（租赁并购买）或 Musharakah Mutanaqisah（递减合伙）结构".to_string(),
"禁止传统抵押贷款（含固定利息）".to_string(),
"DLD（迪拜土地局）须完成产权登记".to_string(),
"须获得 DLD 的 NOC（无异议证明）".to_string(),
"伊斯兰银行须实际拥有不动产后再转让给买方".to_string(),
"不动产须为 Halal 用途（不能用于酒吧、赌场等）".to_string(),
],
goods_trade_sharia_requirements: vec![
"商品须为 Halal（合法）商品".to_string(),
"商品须在合同签订时已存在（Salam 除外）".to_string(),
"价格须在合同签订时明确确定".to_string(),
"禁止出售尚未拥有的商品（除 Salam 和 Istisna）".to_string(),
"商品融资可使用 Murabaha 结构".to_string(),
],
ip_sharia_requirements: vec![
"知识产权可作为 Sharia 合规资产".to_string(),
"许可费须为固定金额或明确的利润分成，不能为利息".to_string(),
"可使用 Wakalah（代理）结构管理知识产权".to_string(),
"须确保知识产权用途符合 Halal 原则".to_string(),
],
conventional_interoperability: "阿联酋同时存在传统金融和伊斯兰金融体系，DIFC 内可使用传统金融结构，但须明确标注非 Sharia 合规".to_string(),
}
}
fn sa_sharia_framework() -> ShariaComplianceFramework {
ShariaComplianceFramework {
jurisdiction: "SA".to_string(),
jurisdiction_name: "沙特阿拉伯（Kingdom of Saudi Arabia）".to_string(),
regulatory_body: "沙特中央银行（SAMA）+ 资本市场局（CMA）+ 沙特伊斯兰金融委员会".to_string(),
applicable_laws: vec![
"皇家法令 M/5（1966年）：银行管制法".to_string(),
"资本市场法（2003年）".to_string(),
"Sukuk 监管框架（2021年）".to_string(),
"AAOIFI Sharia Standards".to_string(),
"IFSB（伊斯兰金融服务委员会）标准".to_string(),
],
sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement {
required: true,
minimum_scholars: 3,
fatwa_required: true,
recommended_boards: vec![
"沙特阿拉伯伊斯兰大学 Sharia 委员会".to_string(),
"AAOIFI 认证学者".to_string(),
"IFSB 认可的 Sharia 顾问".to_string(),
],
ongoing_monitoring: true,
},
prohibitions: HaramProhibitions {
prohibited_goods: vec![
"猪肉及猪肉制品".to_string(),
"酒精（严格禁止）".to_string(),
"武器弹药（未经许可）".to_string(),
"色情内容".to_string(),
"赌博设备".to_string(),
"偶像崇拜相关物品".to_string(),
],
prohibited_industries: vec![
"传统银行（基于利息）".to_string(),
"酒类（严格禁止）".to_string(),
"赌博业".to_string(),
"娱乐业（部分）".to_string(),
"烟草业".to_string(),
],
prohibited_structures: vec![
"固定利率贷款".to_string(),
"任何形式的 Riba".to_string(),
"期权和期货（Gharar）".to_string(),
"传统保险（须用 Takaful 替代）".to_string(),
],
prohibited_clauses: vec![
"固定利率条款".to_string(),
"罚息条款".to_string(),
"不确定价格条款".to_string(),
],
},
asset_requirements: ShariaAssetRequirements {
must_be_tangible: true,
must_be_halal: true,
must_be_identifiable: true,
must_exist_at_contract: true,
must_be_deliverable: true,
special_notes: vec![
"沙特对 Sharia 合规要求极为严格，须获得正式 Fatwa".to_string(),
"Vision 2030 框架下，部分娱乐业已开放，但须确认具体项目的合规性".to_string(),
"NEOM 等新城市项目有特殊的 Sharia 合规安排".to_string(),
],
},
supported_structures: vec![
IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Ijara,
IslamicFinanceStructure::IjaraWaIqtina,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Mudarabah,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Istisna,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Salam,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Wakalah,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Takaful,
],
profit_sharing_rules: vec![
ProfitSharingRule {
structure: IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
profit_sharing_ratio: "按约定比例分配利润".to_string(),
loss_bearing_rule: "按出资比例承担损失".to_string(),
benchmark_alternative: Some("SAIBOR（沙特银行间利率）作为参考基准".to_string()),
notes: "沙特对 Musharakah 结构有严格的 Sharia 审查要求".to_string(),
},
],
sukuk_requirements: Some(SukukStructure {
sukuk_type: IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk,
underlying_asset: "须为真实有形资产，沙特政府 Sukuk 通常基于基础设施资产".to_string(),
spv_required: true,
asset_transfer_required: true,
return_calculation: "基于资产收益，通常参考 SAIBOR 加点".to_string(),
redemption_mechanism: "到期按约定价格赎回".to_string(),
sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement {
required: true,
minimum_scholars: 3,
fatwa_required: true,
recommended_boards: vec![
"AAOIFI 认证的 Sharia 委员会".to_string(),
"沙特 CMA 认可的 Sharia 顾问".to_string(),
],
ongoing_monitoring: true,
},
}),
real_estate_sharia_requirements: vec![
"不动产融资须使用 Ijara 或 Musharakah Mutanaqisah 结构".to_string(),
"须在沙特不动产登记局（Notary Public）完成登记".to_string(),
"外资购买不动产受限（须获得 SAGIA 批准）".to_string(),
"不动产须为 Halal 用途".to_string(),
"须获得正式 Fatwa 确认合规性".to_string(),
],
goods_trade_sharia_requirements: vec![
"商品须为 Halal 商品（须有 Halal 认证）".to_string(),
"食品须符合沙特食品药品局（SFDA）的 Halal 认证".to_string(),
"商品融资可使用 Murabaha 或 Salam 结构".to_string(),
"禁止出售酒精、猪肉等 Haram 商品".to_string(),
],
ip_sharia_requirements: vec![
"知识产权须用于 Halal 目的".to_string(),
"许可费须为固定金额，不能含利息成分".to_string(),
"须获得 Sharia 委员会确认许可结构合规".to_string(),
],
conventional_interoperability: "沙特金融体系几乎完全基于伊斯兰金融，传统金融机构须设立独立的伊斯兰金融窗口".to_string(),
}
}
fn my_sharia_framework() -> ShariaComplianceFramework {
ShariaComplianceFramework {
jurisdiction: "MY".to_string(),
jurisdiction_name: "马来西亚（Malaysia）".to_string(),
regulatory_body: "马来西亚国家银行（BNM）+ 证券委员会（SC）+ 国家 Sharia 咨询委员会（SAC）".to_string(),
applicable_laws: vec![
"伊斯兰金融服务法（IFSA 2013）".to_string(),
"伊斯兰资本市场框架".to_string(),
"BNM Sharia 标准".to_string(),
"SC 伊斯兰证券指南".to_string(),
"AAOIFI Sharia Standards（参考）".to_string(),
],
sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement {
required: true,
minimum_scholars: 3,
fatwa_required: false,
recommended_boards: vec![
"BNM 国家 Sharia 咨询委员会（SAC）".to_string(),
"SC Sharia 咨询委员会".to_string(),
"ISRA（伊斯兰金融研究院）".to_string(),
],
ongoing_monitoring: true,
},
prohibitions: HaramProhibitions {
prohibited_goods: vec![
"猪肉及猪肉制品".to_string(),
"酒精".to_string(),
"武器弹药（未经许可）".to_string(),
"色情内容".to_string(),
],
prohibited_industries: vec![
"传统银行（基于利息）".to_string(),
"酒类".to_string(),
"赌博业".to_string(),
"烟草业".to_string(),
],
prohibited_structures: vec![
"固定利率贷款（Riba）".to_string(),
"任何形式的 Riba（利息）均被禁止".to_string(),
"传统保险（须用 Takaful 替代）".to_string(),
"Gharar 过度的衍生品".to_string(),
],
prohibited_clauses: vec![
"固定利率条款".to_string(),
"罚息条款（但可收取 Ta'widh 实际损失补偿）".to_string(),
],
},
asset_requirements: ShariaAssetRequirements {
must_be_tangible: true,
must_be_halal: true,
must_be_identifiable: true,
must_exist_at_contract: true,
must_be_deliverable: true,
special_notes: vec![
"马来西亚是全球最成熟的伊斯兰金融市场之一".to_string(),
"BNM 允许 Ta'widh（实际损失补偿），替代罚息".to_string(),
"马来西亚同时存在传统金融和伊斯兰金融双轨制".to_string(),
"AIBIM（伊斯兰银行协会）提供行业指导".to_string(),
],
},
supported_structures: vec![
IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Ijara,
IslamicFinanceStructure::IjaraWaIqtina,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Mudarabah,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Istisna,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Salam,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Wakalah,
IslamicFinanceStructure::Takaful,
],
profit_sharing_rules: vec![
ProfitSharingRule {
structure: IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
profit_sharing_ratio: "按约定比例分配利润（通常与出资比例相关）".to_string(),
loss_bearing_rule: "按出资比例承担损失".to_string(),
benchmark_alternative: Some("KLIBOR（吉隆坡银行间利率）作为参考基准".to_string()),
notes: "马来西亚 Musharakah 实践较为灵活".to_string(),
},
ProfitSharingRule {
structure: IslamicFinanceStructure::Mudarabah,
profit_sharing_ratio: "出资方和经营方按约定比例分配利润（通常70:30或80:20）".to_string(),
loss_bearing_rule: "损失由出资方承担".to_string(),
benchmark_alternative: None,
notes: "马来西亚 Mudarabah 存款广泛使用".to_string(),
},
],
sukuk_requirements: Some(SukukStructure {
sukuk_type: IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk,
underlying_asset: "须为真实资产，马来西亚 Sukuk 市场全球最大".to_string(),
spv_required: true,
asset_transfer_required: true,
return_calculation: "基于资产收益，通常参考 KLIBOR 加点".to_string(),
redemption_mechanism: "到期按约定价格赎回".to_string(),
sharia_board: ShariaBoardRequirement {
required: true,
minimum_scholars: 3,
fatwa_required: false,
recommended_boards: vec![
"SC Sharia 咨询委员会".to_string(),
"BNM SAC 认可的 Sharia 顾问".to_string(),
],
ongoing_monitoring: true,
},
}),
real_estate_sharia_requirements: vec![
"不动产融资可使用 Bai' Bithaman Ajil（BBA，延期付款买卖）或 Musharakah Mutanaqisah".to_string(),
"须在马来西亚土地局（Pejabat Tanah）完成产权登记".to_string(),
"外资购买不动产须遵守各州规定（通常须获批准）".to_string(),
"不动产须为 Halal 用途".to_string(),
],
goods_trade_sharia_requirements: vec![
"商品须为 Halal 商品（须有 JAKIM Halal 认证）".to_string(),
"商品融资可使用 Murabaha 或 Tawarruq 结构".to_string(),
"禁止出售 Haram 商品".to_string(),
],
ip_sharia_requirements: vec![
"知识产权须用于 Halal 目的".to_string(),
"许可费须为固定金额或明确的利润分成".to_string(),
"马来西亚 SC 已发布知识产权 Sukuk 指南".to_string(),
],
conventional_interoperability: "马来西亚实行双轨制金融体系，传统金融和伊斯兰金融并存，须明确标注合同类型".to_string(),
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_ae_framework_exists() {
let f = get_sharia_framework("AE");
assert!(f.is_some());
let f = f.unwrap();
assert_eq!(f.jurisdiction, "AE");
assert!(f.sharia_board.required);
assert!(f.sharia_board.fatwa_required);
}
#[test]
fn test_sa_framework_exists() {
let f = get_sharia_framework("SA");
assert!(f.is_some());
let f = f.unwrap();
assert_eq!(f.jurisdiction, "SA");
assert!(f.sharia_board.required);
}
#[test]
fn test_my_framework_exists() {
let f = get_sharia_framework("MY");
assert!(f.is_some());
let f = f.unwrap();
assert_eq!(f.jurisdiction, "MY");
assert!(f.sharia_board.required);
}
#[test]
fn test_unknown_jurisdiction_returns_none() {
let f = get_sharia_framework("XX");
assert!(f.is_none());
}
#[test]
fn test_all_frameworks_prohibit_riba() {
for j in &["AE", "SA", "MY"] {
let f = get_sharia_framework(j).unwrap();
assert!(
f.prohibitions.prohibited_structures.iter().any(|s| s.contains("利息") || s.contains("Riba")),
"{} 框架未明确禁止利息（Riba）", j
);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_all_frameworks_support_murabaha() {
for j in &["AE", "SA", "MY"] {
let f = get_sharia_framework(j).unwrap();
assert!(
f.supported_structures.contains(&IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha),
"{} 框架不支持 Murabaha 结构", j
);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_all_frameworks_support_sukuk() {
for j in &["AE", "SA", "MY"] {
let f = get_sharia_framework(j).unwrap();
assert!(
f.supported_structures.contains(&IslamicFinanceStructure::Sukuk),
"{} 框架不支持 Sukuk", j
);
assert!(f.sukuk_requirements.is_some(), "{} 框架缺少 Sukuk 要求", j);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_validate_compliant_musharakah() {
let result = validate_sharia_compliance(
"AE",
&IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
false,
false,
false,
);
assert!(result.is_compliant);
assert!(result.violations.is_empty());
}
#[test]
fn test_validate_riba_violation() {
let result = validate_sharia_compliance(
"AE",
&IslamicFinanceStructure::Musharakah,
true,
false,
false,
);
assert!(!result.is_compliant);
assert!(result.violations.iter().any(|v| v.contains("Riba")));
}
#[test]
fn test_validate_haram_goods_violation() {
let result = validate_sharia_compliance(
"SA",
&IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha,
false,
false,
true,
);
assert!(!result.is_compliant);
assert!(result.violations.iter().any(|v| v.contains("Haram")));
}
#[test]
fn test_validate_gharar_violation() {
let result = validate_sharia_compliance(
"MY",
&IslamicFinanceStructure::Murabaha,
false,
true,
false,
);
assert!(!result.is_compliant);
assert!(result.violations.iter().any(|v| v.contains("Gharar")));
}
#[test]
fn test_all_frameworks_have_real_estate_requirements() {
for j in &["AE", "SA", "MY"] {
let f = get_sharia_framework(j).unwrap();
assert!(
!f.real_estate_sharia_requirements.is_empty(),
"{} 框架缺少不动产 Sharia 要求", j
);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_all_frameworks_have_goods_requirements() {
for j in &["AE", "SA", "MY"] {
let f = get_sharia_framework(j).unwrap();
assert!(
!f.goods_trade_sharia_requirements.is_empty(),
"{} 框架缺少商品 Sharia 要求", j
);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_ae_has_sukuk_spv_requirement() {
let f = get_sharia_framework("AE").unwrap();
let sukuk = f.sukuk_requirements.unwrap();
assert!(sukuk.spv_required);
assert!(sukuk.asset_transfer_required);
}
#[test]
fn test_my_dual_system_note() {
let f = get_sharia_framework("MY").unwrap();
// 马来西亚是双轨制，须有互操作性说明
assert!(f.conventional_interoperability.contains("双轨制"));
}
}